Cointegration Buy and Sell Signals [EdgeTerminal]The Cointegration Buy And Sell Signals is a sophisticated technical analysis tool to spot high-probability market turning points — before they fully develop on price charts.
Most reversal indicators rely on raw price action, visual patterns, or basic and common indicator logic — which often suffer in noisy or trending markets. In most cases, they lag behind the actual change in trend and provide useless and late signals.
This indicator is rooted in advanced concepts from statistical arbitrage, mean reversion theory, and quantitative finance, and it packages these ideas in a user-friendly visual format that works on any timeframe and asset class.
It does this by analyzing how the short-term and long-term EMAs behave relative to each other — and uses statistical filters like Z-score, correlation, volatility normalization, and stationarity tests to issue highly selective Buy and Sell signals.
This tool provides statistical confirmation of trend exhaustion, allowing you to trade mean-reverting setups. It fades overextended moves and uses signal stacking to reduce false entries. The entire indicator is based on a very interesting mathematically grounded model which I will get into down below.
Here’s how the indicator works at a high level:
EMAs as Anchors: It starts with two Exponential Moving Averages (EMAs) — one short-term and one long-term — to track market direction.
Statistical Spread (Regression Residuals): It performs a rolling linear regression between the short and long EMA. Instead of using the raw difference (short - long), it calculates the regression residual, which better models their natural relationship.
Normalize the Spread: The spread is divided by historical price volatility (ATR) to make it scale-invariant. This ensures the indicator works on low-priced stocks, high-priced indices, and crypto alike.
Z-Score: It computes a Z-score of the normalized spread to measure how “extreme” the current deviation is from its historical average.
Dynamic Thresholds: Unlike most tools that use fixed thresholds (like Z = ±2), this one calculates dynamic thresholds using historical percentiles (e.g., top 10% and bottom 10%) so that it adapts to the asset's current behavior to reduce false signals based on market’s extreme volatility at a certain time.
Z-Score Momentum: It tracks the direction of the Z-score — if Z is extreme but still moving away from zero, it's too early. It waits for reversion to start (Z momentum flips).
Correlation Check: Uses a rolling Pearson correlation to confirm the two EMAs are still statistically related. If they diverge (low correlation), no signal is shown.
Stationarity Filter (ADF-like): Uses the volatility of the regression residual to determine if the spread is stationary (mean-reverting) — a key concept in cointegration and statistical arbitrage. It’s not possible to build an exact ADF filter in Pine Script so we used the next best thing.
Signal Control: Prevents noisy charts and overtrading by ensuring no back-to-back buy or sell signals. Each signal must alternate and respect a cooldown period so you won’t be overwhelmed and won’t get a messy chart.
Important Notes to Remember:
The whole idea behind this indicator is to try to use some stat arb models to detect shifting patterns faster than they appear on common indicators, so in some cases, some assumptions are made based on historic values.
This means that in some cases, the indicator can “jump” into the conclusion too quickly. Although we try to eliminate this by using stationary filters, correlation checks, and Z-score momentum detection, there is still a chance some signals that are generated can be too early, in the stock market, that's the same as being incorrect. So make sure to use this with other indicators to confirm the movement.
How To Use The Indicator:
You can use the indicator as a standalone reversal system, as a filter for overbought and oversold setups, in combination with other trend indicators and as a part of a signal stack with other common indicators for divergence spotting and fade trades.
The indicator produces simple buy and sell signals when all criteria is met. Based on our own testing, we recommend treating these signals as standalone and independent from each other . Meaning that if you take position after a buy signal, don’t wait for a sell signal to appear to exit the trade and vice versa.
This is why we recommend using this indicator with other advanced or even simple indicators as an early confirmation tool.
The Display Table:
The floating diagnostic table in the top-right corner of the chart is a key part of this indicator. It's a live statistical dashboard that helps you understand why a signal is (or isn’t) being triggered, and whether the market conditions are lining up for a potential reversal.
1. Z-Score
What it shows: The current Z-score value of the volatility-normalized spread between the short EMA and the regression line of the long EMA.
Why it matters: Z-score tells you how statistically extreme the current relationship is. A Z-score of:
0 = perfectly average
> +2 = very overbought
< -2 = very oversold
How to use it: Look for Z-score reaching extreme highs or lows (beyond dynamic thresholds). Watch for it to start reversing direction, especially when paired with green table rows (see below)
2. Z-Score Momentum
What it shows: The rate of change (ROC) of the Z-score:
Zmomentum=Zt − Zt − 1
Why it matters: This tells you if the Z-score is still stretching out (e.g., getting more overbought/oversold), or reverting back toward the mean.
How to use it: A positive Z-momentum after a very low Z-score = potential bullish reversal A negative Z-momentum after a very high Z-score = potential bearish reversal. Avoid signals when momentum is still pushing deeper into extremes
3. Correlation
What it shows: The rolling Pearson correlation coefficient between the short EMA and long EMA.
Why it matters: High correlation (closer to +1) means the EMAs are still statistically connected — a key requirement for cointegration or mean reversion to be valid.
How to use it: Look for correlation > 0.7 for reliable signals. If correlation drops below 0.5, ignore the Z-score — the EMAs aren’t moving together anymore
4. Stationary
What it shows: A simplified "Yes" or "No" answer to the question:
“Is the spread statistically stable (stationary) and mean-reverting right now?”
Why it matters: Mean reversion strategies only work when the spread is stationary — that is, when the distance between EMAs behaves like a rubber band, not a drifting cloud.
How to use it: A "Yes" means the indicator sees a consistent, stable spread — good for trading. "No" means the market is too volatile, disjointed, or chaotic for reliable mean reversion. Wait for this to flip to "Yes" before trusting signals
5. Last Signal
What it shows: The last signal issued by the system — either "Buy", "Sell", or "None"
Why it matters: Helps avoid confusion and repeated entries. Signals only alternate — you won’t get another Buy until a Sell happens, and vice versa.
How to use it: If the last signal was a "Buy", and you’re watching for a Sell, don’t act on more bullish signals. Great for systems where you only want one position open at a time
6. Bars Since Signal
What it shows: How many bars (candles) have passed since the last Buy or Sell signal.
Why it matters: Gives you context for how long the current condition has persisted
How to use it: If it says 1 or 2, a signal just happened — avoid jumping in late. If it’s been 10+ bars, a new opportunity might be brewing soon. You can use this to time exits if you want to fade a recent signal manually
Indicator Settings:
Short EMA: Sets the short-term EMA period. The smaller the number, the more reactive and more signals you get.
Long EMA: Sets the slow EMA period. The larger this number is, the smoother baseline, and more reliable trend bases are generated.
Z-Score Lookback: The period or bars used for mean & std deviation of spread between short and long EMAs. Larger values result in smoother signals with fewer false positives.
Volatility Window: This value normalizes the spread by historical volatility. This allows you to prevent scale distortion, showing you a cleaner and better chart.
Correlation Lookback: How many periods or how far back to test correlation between slow and long EMAs. This filters out false positives when EMAs lose alignment.
Hurst Lookback: The multiplier to approximate stationarity. Lower leads to more sensitivity to regime change, higher produces a more stricter filtering.
Z Threshold Percentile: This value sets how extreme Z-score must be to trigger a signal. For example, 90 equals only top/bottom 10% of extremes, 80 = more frequent.
Min Bars Between Signals: This hard stop prevents back-to-back signals. The idea is to avoid over-trading or whipsaws in volatile markets even when Hurst lookback and volatility window values are not enough to filter signals.
Some More Recommendations:
We recommend trying different EMA pairs (10/50, 21/100, 5/20) for different asset behaviors. You can set percentile to 85 or 80 if you want more frequent but looser signals. You can also use the Z-score reversion monitor for powerful confirmation.
在脚本中搜索"股价在8元左右净利润为正市值小于80亿的热门股票有哪些"
Weighted Ichimoku StrategyLSE:HSBA
The Ichimoku Kinko Hyo indicator is a comprehensive tool that combines multiple signals to identify market trends and potential buying/selling opportunities. My weighted variant of this strategy attempts to assign specific weights to each signal, allowing for a more nuanced and customizable approach to trend identification. The intent is to try and make a more informed trading decision based on the cumulative strength of various signals.
I've tried not to make it a mishmash of this and that + MACD + RSI and on and on; most people have their preferred indicator that focuses on just that that they can use in conjunction.
The signals used can be grouped into two groups the 'Core Ichimoku Signals' & the 'Additional Signals' (at the end you will find the signals and their assigned weights followed by the thresholds where they align).
The Core Ichimoku Signals are the primary signals used in Ichimoku analysis, including Kumo Breakout, Chikou Cross, Kijun Cross, Tenkan Cross, and Kumo Twist.
While the Additional Signals provide further insights and confirmations, such as Kijun Confirmation, Tenkan-Kijun Above Cloud, Chikou Above Cloud, Price-Kijun Cross, Chikou Span Signal, and Price Positioning.
Entries are triggered when the cumulative weight of bullish signals exceeds a specified buy threshold, indicating a strong uptrend or potential trend reversal.
Exits are initiated when the cumulative weight of bearish signals surpasses a specified sell threshold, or when additional conditions such as consolidation patterns or ATR-based targets are met.
There are various exit types that you can choose between, which can be used separately or in conjunction with one another. As an example you might want to exit on a different condition during consolidation periods than during other periods or just use ATR with some other backstop.
They are listed in evaluation order i.e. ATR trumps all, Consolidation exit trumps the regular Kumo sell and so on:
**ATR Sell**: Exits trades based on ATR-based profit targets and stop-losses.
**Consolidation Exit**: Exits trades during consolidation periods to reduce drawdown.
**Sell Below Kumo**: Exits trades when the price is below the Kumo, indicating a potential downtrend.
**Sell Threshold**: Exits trades when the cumulative weight of bearish signals surpasses a specified sell threshold.
There are various 'filters' which are really behavior modifiers:
**Kumo Breakout Filter**: Requires price to close above the Kumo for buy signals (essentially a entry delay).
**Whipsaw Filter**: Ensures trend strength over specified days to reduce false signals.
**Buy Cooldown**: Prevents new entries until half the Kijun period passes after an exit (prevents flapping).
**Chikou Filter**: Delays exits unless the previous close is below the Chikou Span.
**Consolidation Trend Filter**: Prevents consolidation exits if the trend is bullish (rare, but happens).
Then there are some debugging options. Ichimoku periods have some presets (personally I like 8/22/44/22) but are freely configurable, preset to the traditional values for purists.
The list of signals and most thresholds follow, play around with them. Thats all.
Cheers,
**Core Ichimoku Signals**
**Kumo Breakout**
- 30 (Bullish) / -30 (Bearish)
- Indicates a strong trend when the price breaks above (bullish) or below (bearish) the Kumo (cloud). This signal suggests a significant shift in market sentiment.
**Chikou Cross**
- 20 (Bullish) / -20 (Bearish)
- Shows the relationship between the Chikou Span (lagging span) and the current price. A bullish signal occurs when the Chikou Span is above the price, indicating a potential uptrend. Conversely, a bearish signal occurs when the Chikou Span is below the price, suggesting a downtrend.
**Kijun Cross**
- 15 (Bullish) / -15 (Bearish)
- Signals trend changes when the Tenkan-sen (conversion line) crosses above (bullish) or below (bearish) the Kijun-sen (base line). This crossover is often used to identify potential trend reversals.
**Tenkan Cross**
- 10 (Bullish) / -10 (Bearish)
- Indicates short-term trend changes when the price crosses above (bullish) or below (bearish) the Tenkan-sen. This signal helps identify minor trend shifts within the broader trend.
**Kumo Twist**
- 5 (Bullish) / -5 (Bearish)
- Shows changes in the Kumo's direction, indicating potential trend shifts. A bullish Kumo Twist occurs when Senkou Span A crosses above Senkou Span B, and a bearish twist occurs when Senkou Span A crosses below Senkou Span B.
**Additional Signals**
**Kijun Confirmation**
- 8 (Bullish) / -8 (Bearish)
- Confirms the trend based on the price's position relative to the Kijun-sen. A bullish signal occurs when the price is above the Kijun-sen, and a bearish signal occurs when the price is below it.
**Tenkan-Kijun Above Cloud**
- 5 (Bullish) / -5 (Bearish)
- Indicates a strong bullish trend when both the Tenkan-sen and Kijun-sen are above the Kumo. Conversely, a bearish signal occurs when both lines are below the Kumo.
**Chikou Above Cloud**
- 5 (Bullish) / -5 (Bearish)
- Shows the Chikou Span's position relative to the Kumo, indicating trend strength. A bullish signal occurs when the Chikou Span is above the Kumo, and a bearish signal occurs when it is below.
**Price-Kijun Cross**
- 2 (Bullish) / -2 (Bearish)
- Signals short-term trend changes when the price crosses above (bullish) or below (bearish) the Kijun-sen. This signal is similar to the Kijun Cross but focuses on the price's direct interaction with the Kijun-sen.
**Chikou Span Signal**
- 10 (Bullish) / -10 (Bearish)
- Indicates the trend based on the Chikou Span's position relative to past price highs and lows. A bullish signal occurs when the Chikou Span is above the highest high of the past period, and a bearish signal occurs when it is below the lowest low.
**Price Positioning**
- 10 (Bullish) / -10 (Bearish)
- Shows indecision when the price is between the Tenkan-sen and Kijun-sen, indicating a potential consolidation phase. A bullish signal occurs when the price is above both lines, and a bearish signal occurs when the price is below both lines.
**Confidence Level**: Highly Sensitive
- **Buy Threshold**: 50
- **Sell Threshold**: -50
- **Notes / Significance**: ~2–3 signals, very early trend detection. High sensitivity, may capture noise and false signals.
**Confidence Level**: Entry-Level
- **Buy Threshold**: 58
- **Sell Threshold**: -58
- **Notes / Significance**: ~3–4 signals, often Chikou Cross or Kumo Breakout. Very sensitive, risks noise (e.g., false buys in choppy markets).
**Confidence Level**: Entry-Level
- **Buy Threshold**: 60
- **Sell Threshold**: -60
- **Notes / Significance**: ~3–4 signals, Kumo Breakout or Chikou Cross anchors. Entry point for early trends.
**Confidence Level**: Moderate
- **Buy Threshold**: 65
- **Sell Threshold**: -65
- **Notes / Significance**: ~4–5 signals, balances sensitivity and reliability. Suitable for moderate risk tolerance.
**Confidence Level**: Conservative
- **Buy Threshold**: 70
- **Sell Threshold**: -70
- **Notes / Significance**: ~4–5 signals, emphasizes stronger confirmations. Reduces false signals but may miss some opportunities.
**Confidence Level**: Very Conservative
- **Buy Threshold**: 75
- **Sell Threshold**: -75
- **Notes / Significance**: ~5–6 signals, prioritizes high confidence. Minimizes risk but may enter trades late.
**Confidence Level**: High Confidence
- **Buy Threshold**: 80
- **Sell Threshold**: -80
- **Notes / Significance**: ~6–7 signals, very strong confirmations needed. Suitable for cautious traders.
**Confidence Level**: Very High Confidence
- **Buy Threshold**: 85
- **Sell Threshold**: -85
- **Notes / Significance**: ~7–8 signals, extremely high confidence required. Minimizes false signals significantly.
**Confidence Level**: Maximum Confidence
- **Buy Threshold**: 90
- **Sell Threshold**: -90
- **Notes / Significance**: ~8–9 signals, maximum confidence level. Ensures trades are highly reliable but may result in fewer trades.
**Confidence Level**: Ultra Conservative
- **Buy Threshold**: 100
- **Sell Threshold**: -100
- **Notes / Significance**: ~9–10 signals, ultra-high confidence. Trades are extremely reliable but opportunities are rare.
**Confidence Level**: Extreme Confidence
- **Buy Threshold**: 110
- **Sell Threshold**: -110
- **Notes / Significance**: All signals align, extreme confidence. Trades are almost certain but very few opportunities.
RSI + MA + Divergence + SnR + Price levelOverview
This indicator combines several technical analysis tools to give traders a comprehensive view based on the RSI indicator. Its main features include:
RSI & Moving Averages on RSI:
RSI: Calculates the RSI based on the closing price (or a user-selected source) with a configurable period (default is 14).
EMA and WMA: Computes and plots an Exponential Moving Average (EMA with a period of 9) and a Weighted Moving Average (WMA with a period of 45) on the RSI, helping to smooth out signals and better identify trends.
Price Ladder Based on RSI:
Draws horizontal lines at specified target RSI levels (from targetRSI1 to targetRSI7, default levels ranging from 20 to 80).
Calculates a target price based on the price change relative to the averaged gains and losses, providing an estimated price level when the RSI reaches those critical levels.
Divergence Detection:
Identifies divergence between price and RSI:
Bullish Divergence: Detected when the price forms a lower low but RSI fails to confirm with a corresponding lower low, with the RSI falling under a configurable threshold (d_below).
Bearish Divergence: Detected when the price forms a higher high while the RSI does not, with the RSI exceeding a configurable upper threshold (d_upper).
Optionally displays labels on the chart to alert the trader when divergence signals are detected.
Auto Support & Resistance on RSI:
Automatically calculates and plots support and resistance lines based on the RSI over different lookback periods (e.g., 34, 89, 200 bars).
Helps traders identify key RSI levels where price reversals or breakouts might occur.
Benefits for the Trader
This indicator is designed to assist traders in their decision-making process by integrating multiple technical analysis elements:
Identifying Market Trends:
By combining the RSI with its moving averages (EMA, WMA), traders can better assess market trends and the strength of these trends, thereby improving trade entry accuracy.
Early Reversal Signals via Divergence:
Divergence signals (both bullish and bearish) can help forecast potential reversals in the market, allowing traders to adjust their strategies timely.
Determining RSI-Based Support/Resistance Levels:
Automatic identification of support and resistance levels on the RSI provides key areas where a price reversal or breakout may occur, assisting traders in setting stop-loss and take-profit levels strategically.
Price Target Forecasting with the Price Ladder:
The target price labels calculated at important RSI levels provide insights into potential price objectives, aiding in risk management and profit planning.
Flexible Configuration:
Traders can customize key parameters such as the RSI period, lengths for EMA and WMA, target RSI levels, divergence conditions, and support/resistance settings. This flexibility allows the indicator to adapt to different trading styles and strategies.
How to read data
Some use-cases
Used to estimate price according to the RSI level.
When you trade using RSI, you want to set your stop-loss or take-profit levels based on RSI. By looking at the price ladder, you know the corresponding price level to enter a trade.
Used to determine the entry zone.
RSI often reacts to its own previously established support/resistance levels. Use the Auto SnR feature to identify those zones.
Used to determine the trend.
RSI and its moving averages help identify the price trend:
Uptrend: 3 lines separate and point upward.
Downtrend: 3 lines separate and point downward.
Use WMA45 to determine the trend:
Uptrend: WMA45 is moving upward or trading above the 50 level.
Downtrend: WMA45 is moving downward or trading below the 50 level.
Sideways: WMA45 is trading around the 50 level.
Use EMA9 to confirm the trend: A crossover of EMA9 through WMA45 confirms the formation of a new trend.
Configuration
The script allows users to configure a number of important parameters to suit their analytical preferences:
RSI Settings:
RSI Length (rsiLengthInput): The number of periods used to compute the RSI (default is 14, adjustable as needed).
RSI Source (rsiSourceInput): Select the price source (default is the closing price).
RSI Color (rsiClr): The color used to display the RSI line.
Moving Averages on RSI:
EMA Length (emaLength): The period for calculating the EMA on RSI (default is 9).
WMA Length (wmaLength): The period for calculating the WMA on RSI (default is 45).
EMA Color (emaClr) and WMA Color (wmaClr): Customize the colors of the EMA and WMA lines.
Price Ladder Settings:
Toggle Price Ladder (showPrice): Enable or disable the display of the price ladder.
Target RSI Levels: targetRSI1 through targetRSI7: RSI values at which target prices are calculated (default values range from 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 to 80).
Price Label Color (priceColor): The text color for displaying the target price labels.
Divergence Settings:
Divergence Toggle (calculateDivergence): Option to enable or disable divergence calculation and display.
Divergence Conditions:
d_below: RSI level below which bullish divergence is considered.
d_upper: RSI level above which bearish divergence is considered.
Display Divergence Labels (showDivergenceLabel): Option to display labels on the chart when divergence is detected.
Auto Support & Resistance on RSI:
Toggle Auto S&R (enableAutoSnR): Enable or disable automatic plotting of support and resistance levels.
Lookback Periods for Support/Resistance:
L1_lookback: Lookback period for level 1 (e.g., 34 bars).
L2_lookback: Lookback period for level 2 (e.g., 89 bars).
L3_lookback: Lookback period for level 3 (e.g., 200 bars).
Support and Resistance Colors:
rsiSupportClr: Color for the support line.
rsiResistanceClr: Color for the resistance line.
Alerts:
Divergence Alerts: Alert conditions are set up to notify the trader when bullish or bearish divergence is detected, aiding in timely decision-making.
Daily Bollinger Band StrategyOverview of the Daily Bollinger Band Strategy
1. Strategy Overview and Features
This strategy is a tool for backtesting a trading method that uses Bollinger Bands. It is *not* a tool for automated trading.
1-1. Main Display Items
The main chart displays the Bollinger Bands and the 200-day moving average.
It also shows the entry and exit points along with the position size (in units of 100 shares).
1-2. Summary of Trading Rules
For long (buy) strategies, the trade enters when the price crosses above the +1σ line of the Bollinger Bands, aiming to ride an upward trend. The position is exited when the price crosses below the middle band.
For short (sell) strategies, the trade enters when the price crosses below the -1σ line of the Bollinger Bands, aiming to ride a downward trend. The position is exited when the price crosses above the middle band.
1-3. Strategic Enhancements
The strategy uses the slope of the 200-day moving average to determine the trend direction and enter trades accordingly. This improves the win rate and payoff ratio.
Additionally, to reduce the probability of ruin, the risk per trade is limited to 1.0% of capital, and position sizing is adjusted using ATR (a volatility indicator).
2. Trading Rules
2-1. Chart Type
Only daily charts are used.
2-2. Indicators Used
(1) Bollinger Bands** (used for entry and exit signals)
- Period: Fixed at 80 days
- Upper and lower bands: Fixed at ±1σ
(2) Moving Average** (used to determine trend direction)
- Period: Fixed at 200 days
- Trend direction is judged based on whether the difference from the previous day is positive (upward) or negative (downward)
2-3. Buy Rules
Setup:
- Price crosses above the +1σ line from below
- Both the middle band and 200-day moving average are upward sloping
Entry:
- Buy at the next day’s market open using a market order
Exit:
- If the price crosses below the middle band, sell at the next day’s open using a market order
2-4. Sell Rules
Setup:
- Price crosses below the -1σ line from above
- Both the middle band and 200-day moving average are downward sloping
Entry:
- Sell at the next day’s market open using a market order
Exit:
- If the price crosses above the middle band, buy back at the next day’s open using a market order
2-5. Risk Management Rules
- Risk per trade: 1.0% of total capital (acceptable loss = capital × 1.0%)
- Position size: Acceptable loss ÷ 2ATR (rounded down to the nearest unit of 100 shares)
2-6. Other Notes
- No brokerage fees
- No pyramiding
- No partial exits
- No reverse positions (no “stop-and-reverse” trades)
3. Strategy Parameters
The following settings can be specified:
3-1. Period Settings
- Start date: Set the start date for the backtest period
- Stop date: Set the end date for the backtest period
3-2. Display of Trend and Signals
- Show trend: When checked, the background color of the bars is light red for an uptrend and light blue for a downtrend
- Show signal: When checked, entry and exit signals are displayed (note: signals are executed at the next day’s open, so there is a one-day lag in the display)
3-3. Capital Management Settings
- Funds: Capital available for trading (in JPY)
- Risk rate: Specify what percentage of the capital to risk per trade
Settings in the “Properties” tab are not used in this strategy.
4. Backtest Results (Example)
Here are the backtest results conducted by the author:
- Target Stocks: All components of the Nikkei 225
- Test Period: January 4, 2000 – December 30, 2024
- Data Points: 12,886
- Win Rate: 33.45%
- Net Profit: ¥82,132,380
- Payoff Ratio: 2.450
- Expected Value: ¥6,373.8
- Risk Rate: 1.0%
- Probability of Ruin: 0.00%
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デイリー・ボリンジャーバンド・ストラテジーの概要
1. ストラテジーの概要と特徴
このストラテジーは、ボリンジャーバンドを使ったトレード手法のバックテストを行うツールです。自動売買を行うツールではありません。
1-1. 主な表示項目
メインチャートにボリンジャーバンドと 200日移動平均線を表示します。
また、エントリーと手仕舞いのタイミングと数量（100株単位）も表示されます。
1-2. トレードルールの概要
買い戦略の場合、ボリンジャーバンドの +1σ 超えでエントリーして上昇トレンドに乗り、ミドルバンドを割ったら決済します。
売り戦略の場合、ボリンジャーバンドの -1σ 割りでエントリーして下降トレンドに乗り、ミドルバンドを上抜けたら決済します。
1-3. ストラテジーの工夫点
200日移動平均線の傾きを見てトレンド方向にエントリーをしています。こうして勝率とペイオフレシオの成績を向上しています。
また、破産確率を抑えるために、リスク資金比率を 1.0% にして、ATR（ボラティリティ指標） を使って注文数を調整しています。
2. 売買ルール
2-1. 使用するチャート
日足チャートに限定します
2-2. 使用する指標
(1) ボリンジャーバンド（仕掛けと手仕舞いのシグナルに使用）
期間は80日に固定
上下バンドは ±1σ に固定
(2) 移動平均線（トレンドの方向を見るために使用）
期間は200日に固定
移動平均の値の前日との差がプラスのとき上向き、マイナスのとき下向きと判断
2-3. 買いのルール
セットアップ：ボリンジャーバンドの +1σ を価格が下から上に交差 かつ ミドルバンドと 200日移動平均線が上向き
仕掛け：翌日の寄り付きに成行で買う
手仕舞い：ボリンジャーバンドのミドルバンドを価格が上から下に交差したら、翌日の寄り付きに成行で売る
2-4. 売りのルール
セットアップ：ボリンジャーバンドの -1σ を価格が上から下に交差 かつ ミドルバンドと 200日移動平均線が下向き
仕掛け：翌日の寄り付きに成行で売る
手仕舞い：ボリンジャーバンドのミドルバンドを価格が下から上に交差したら、翌日の寄り付きに成行で買い戻す
2-5. 資金管理のルール
リスク資金比率：資産の 1.0%（許容損失 = 資産 × 1.0%）
注文数：許容損失 ÷ 2ATR（単元株数未満は切り捨て）
2-6. その他
仲介手数料：なし
ピラミッディング：なし
分割決済：なし
ドテン：しない
3. ストラテジーのパラメーター
次の項目が指定できます。
3-1. 期間の設定
Staer date : バックテストの検証期間の開始日を指定します
Stop date : バックテストの検証期間の終了日を指定します
3-2. トレンドとシグナルの表示
Show trend : チェックを入れると、バーの背景色が、トレンドが上昇のときは薄い赤で、下落のときは薄い青で表示されます
Show signal : チェックを入れると、エントリーと手仕舞いのシグナルを表示します（シグナルの出た翌日の寄り付きに売買をするので表示に1日のずれがあります）
3-3. 資金管理用の設定
Funds : トレード用の資金(円)
Risk rate : 許容損失を資金の何%にするかで指定します
「プロパティタブ」で設定する値は、このストラテジーでは有効ではありません。
4. バックテストの結果（例）
作者がバックテストを実施した結果をお知らせします。
対象銘柄：日経225構成銘柄すべて
対象期間：2000年1月4日～2024年12月30日
データ件数：12,886
勝率：33.45%
純利益：82,132,380
ペイオフレシオ：2.450
期待値：6,373.8
リスク資金比率：1.0%
破産確率：0.00%
Customizable RSI/StochRSI Double ConfirmationBelow are the key adjustable parameters in the script and their usage:
RSI Parameters
RSI Length: The number of periods used to calculate the RSI, with a default value of 7. Adjusting this parameter changes the sensitivity of the RSI—shorter periods make it more sensitive, while longer periods make it smoother.
RSI Source: The price source used for RSI calculation, defaulting to the closing price (close). This can be changed to the opening price or other price types as needed.
StochRSI Parameters
StochRSI Length: The number of periods used to calculate the StochRSI, with a default value of 5. This affects how quickly the StochRSI reacts to changes in the RSI.
StochRSI Smooth K: The smoothing period for the StochRSI %K line, with a default value of 3. This is used to reduce noise.
StochRSI Smooth D: The smoothing period for the StochRSI %D line, with a default value of 3. It works in conjunction with %K to provide more stable signals.
Signal Thresholds
RSI Buy Threshold: A buy signal is triggered when the RSI crosses above this value (default 20).
RSI Sell Threshold: A sell signal is triggered when the RSI crosses below this value (default 80).
StochRSI Buy Threshold: A buy signal is triggered when the StochRSI %K crosses above this value (default 20).
StochRSI Sell Threshold: A sell signal is triggered when the StochRSI %K crosses below this value (default 80).
Signals
RSI Buy/Sell Signals: When the RSI crosses the buy/sell threshold, a green "RSI Buy" or red "RSI Sell" is displayed on the chart.
StochRSI Buy/Sell Signals: When the StochRSI %K crosses the buy/sell threshold, a yellow "StochRSI Buy" or purple "StochRSI Sell" is displayed.
Double Buy/Sell Signals: When both RSI and StochRSI simultaneously trigger buy/sell signals, a green "Double Buy" or red "Double Sell" is displayed, indicating a stronger trading opportunity.
The volatility of different cryptocurrencies varies, and different parameters may be suitable for each. Users need to experiment and select the most appropriate parameters themselves.
Disclaimer: This script is for informational purposes only and should not be considered financial advice; use it at your own risk.
Reversal + Confirm ZonesThis script is written in Pine Script (version 5) for TradingView and creates an indicator called **"Reversal + Confirm Zones"**. It overlays visual zones on a price chart to identify potential reversal points and confirmation signals for trading. The indicator combines **Bollinger Bands** and **RSI** to detect overbought/oversold conditions (reversal zones) and uses **EMA crosses** and **MACD zero-line crosses** to confirm bullish or bearish trends. Below is a detailed explanation:
---
### **1. Purpose**
- The script highlights:
- **Reversal Zones**: Areas where the price might reverse due to being overbought (green) or oversold (red).
- **Confirmation Zones**: Areas where a trend reversal is confirmed using EMA and MACD signals (green for bullish, red for bearish).
- It provides visual backgrounds and alerts to assist traders in spotting potential trade setups.
---
### **2. Components**
The script is divided into two main parts: **Reversal Logic** and **Confirmation Logic**.
---
### **3. Reversal Logic (Red & Green Zones)**
#### **Bollinger Bands**
- **Parameters**:
- Length: 20 periods.
- Source: Closing price (`close`).
- Multiplier: 2.0 (standard deviations).
- **Calculation**:
- `basis`: 20-period Simple Moving Average (SMA).
- `dev`: 2 times the standard deviation of the price over 20 periods.
- `upper`: `basis + dev` (upper band).
- `lower`: `basis - dev` (lower band).
- **Purpose**: Identifies when the price moves outside the normal range (beyond 2 standard deviations).
#### **Relative Strength Index (RSI)**
- **Parameters**:
- Length: 14 periods.
- Low Threshold: 30 (oversold).
- High Threshold: 70 (overbought).
- **Calculation**: `rsiValue = ta.rsi(close, rsiLength)`.
- **Purpose**: Measures momentum to confirm overbought or oversold conditions.
#### **Zone Conditions**
- **Red Zone (Oversold)**:
- Condition: `close < lower` (price below lower Bollinger Band) AND `rsiValue < rsiLowThreshold` (RSI < 30).
- Visual: Light red background (`color.new(color.red, 80)`).
- Alert: "Deep Oversold Signal triggered!".
- **Green Zone (Overbought)**:
- Condition: `close > upper` (price above upper Bollinger Band) AND `rsiValue > rsiHighThreshold` (RSI > 70).
- Visual: Light green background (`color.new(color.green, 80)`).
- Alert: "Deep Overbought Signal triggered!".
#### **Interpretation**
- Red Zone: Suggests the price is oversold and may reverse upward.
- Green Zone: Suggests the price is overbought and may reverse downward.
---
### **4. Confirmation Logic (EMA and MACD Crosses)**
#### **Exponential Moving Averages (EMAs)**
- **Parameters**:
- Short EMA Length: 9 periods (user adjustable).
- Long EMA Length: 21 periods (user adjustable).
- **Calculation**:
- `emaShort = ta.ema(close, emaShortLength)`.
- `emaLong = ta.ema(close, emaLongLength)`.
- **Conditions**:
- **Bullish EMA Cross**: `emaCrossBullish = ta.crossover(emaShort, emaLong)` (9 EMA crosses above 21 EMA).
- **Bearish EMA Cross**: `emaCrossBearish = ta.crossunder(emaShort, emaLong)` (9 EMA crosses below 21 EMA).
#### **MACD**
- **Parameters**:
- Fast Length: 12 periods (user adjustable).
- Slow Length: 26 periods (user adjustable).
- Signal Smoothing: 9 periods (user adjustable).
- **Calculation**:
- ` = ta.macd(close, macdFastLength, macdSlowLength, macdSignalSmoothing)`.
- Only the MACD line and signal line are used; the histogram is ignored (`_`).
- **Conditions**:
- **Bullish MACD Cross**: `macdCrossBullish = ta.crossover(macdLine, 0)` (MACD crosses above zero).
- **Bearish MACD Cross**: `macdCrossBearish = ta.crossunder(macdLine, 0)` (MACD crosses below zero).
#### **Combined Confirmation Conditions**
- **Bullish Confirmation**:
- Condition: `bullishConfirmation = emaCrossBullish and macdCrossBullish`.
- Visual: Very light green background (`color.new(color.green, 90)`).
- Meaning: A bullish trend is confirmed when the 9 EMA crosses above the 21 EMA AND the MACD crosses above zero.
- **Bearish Confirmation**:
- Condition: `bearishConfirmation = emaCrossBearish and macdCrossBearish`.
- Visual: Very light red background (`color.new(color.red, 90)`).
- Meaning: A bearish trend is confirmed when the 9 EMA crosses below the 21 EMA AND the MACD crosses below zero.
---
### **5. Visual Outputs**
- **Reversal Zones**:
- Red background for oversold conditions.
- Green background for overbought conditions.
- **Confirmation Zones**:
- Light green background for bullish confirmation.
- Light red background for bearish confirmation.
- Note: The script does not plot the Bollinger Bands, EMAs, or MACD lines—only the background zones are visualized.
---
### **6. Alerts**
- **Deep Oversold Alert**: Triggers when the red zone condition is met.
- **Deep Overbought Alert**: Triggers when the green zone condition is met.
- No alerts are set for the confirmation zones (EMA/MACD crosses).
---
### **7. How It Works**
1. **Reversal Detection**:
- The script uses Bollinger Bands and RSI to flag extreme price levels (red for oversold, green for overbought).
- These zones suggest potential reversals but are not confirmed yet.
2. **Trend Confirmation**:
- EMA crosses (9/21) and MACD zero-line crosses provide confirmation of a trend direction.
- Bullish confirmation (green) occurs when both indicators align upward.
- Bearish confirmation (red) occurs when both indicators align downward.
3. **Trading Strategy**:
- Look for a red zone (oversold) followed by a bullish confirmation for a potential long entry.
- Look for a green zone (overbought) followed by a bearish confirmation for a potential short entry.
---
### **8. How to Use**
1. Add the script to TradingView.
2. Adjust inputs (EMA lengths, MACD settings) if desired.
3. Monitor the chart:
- Red zones indicate oversold conditions—watch for a potential upward reversal.
- Green zones indicate overbought conditions—watch for a potential downward reversal.
- Light green/red backgrounds confirm the trend direction after a reversal zone.
4. Set up alerts for oversold/overbought conditions to catch reversal signals early.
---
### **9. Key Features**
- **Dual Purpose**: Combines reversal detection (Bollinger Bands + RSI) with trend confirmation (EMA + MACD).
- **Visual Simplicity**: Uses background colors instead of plotting lines, keeping the chart clean.
- **Customizable**: Allows users to tweak EMA and MACD periods.
- **Alerts**: Notifies users of extreme conditions for timely action.
---
### **10. Limitations**
- No plotted indicators (e.g., Bollinger Bands, EMAs, MACD) for visual reference—relies entirely on background shading.
- Confirmation signals (EMA/MACD) may lag behind reversal zones, potentially missing fast reversals.
- No alerts for confirmation zones, limiting real-time notification of trend confirmation.
This script is ideal for traders who want a straightforward way to spot potential reversals and confirm them with trend-following indicators, all overlaid on the price chart.
[blackcat] L2 Risk Assessment for Trend StrengthOVERVIEW
This script provides an advanced technical analysis tool combining real-time **Risk Assessment** and **Trend Strength Indicators**, displayed independently from price charts. It calculates multi-layered metrics using weighted algorithms and visualizes risk thresholds via dynamically-colored zones.
FEATURES
- Dual ** RISKA ** calculations ( RSVA1 / RSVA2 ) across 9-period cycles
- Smoothed outputs via proprietary **boldWeighted Moving Averages (WMAs)**
- Dynamic **Current Safety Level Plot** (fuchsia area-style visualization)
- Color-coded **Trend Strength Line** reacting to real-time shifts across four danger/optimism tiers
- Automated threshold validation mechanism using last-valid-value logic
- Visually distinct risk zones (blue/green/yellow/red/fuchsia) filling background areas
HOW TO USE
1. Add to your chart to observe two core elements:
- Area plot showing current risk tolerance buffer
- Thick line indicating momentum strength direction
2. Interpret values relative to vertical thresholds:
• Above 100 = Ultra-safe zone (light blue)
• 80–100 = Safe zone (green)
• 20–80 = Moderate/high-risk zones (yellow)
• Below 20 = Extreme risk (red)
3. Monitor trend confidence shifts using the colored line:
> **Blue**: Strong bullish momentum (>80%)
> **Green/Yellow**: Neutral/moderate trends (50%-80%)
> **Red**: Bearish extremes (<20%)
LIMITATIONS
• Relies heavily on prior 33-period low and 21-period high volatility patterns
• WMA smoothing introduces minor backward-looking bias
• Not optimized for intraday timeframe sub-hourly usage
• Excessive weighting parameters may amplify noise during sideways markets
Normalized VolumeOVERVIEW
The Normalized Volume (NV) is an attempt at visualizing volume in a format that is more understandable by placing the values on a scale of 0 to 100. 0 in this case is the lowest volume candle available on the chart, and 100 being the highest. Calling a candle “high volume” can be misleading without having something to compare to. For example, in scaling the volume this way we can clearly see that a given candle had 80% of the peak volume or 20%, and gauge the validity of price moves more accurately.
FEATURES
NV by session
Allows user to filter the volume values across 4 different sessions. This can add context to the volume output, because what it high volume during London session may not be high volume relative to New York session.
Overlay plotting
When volume boxes are turned on, this will allow you to toggle how they are plotted.
Color theme
A standard color theme will color the NV based on if the respective candle closed green or red. Selecting variables will color the NV plot based on which range the value falls within.
Session inputs
Activated with the “By session?” Input. Allows user to break the day up into 4 sessions to more accurately gauge volume relative to time of day.
Show Box (X)
Toggles on chart boxes on and off.
Show historical boxes
Will plot prior occurrences of selected volume boxes, deleting them when price fully moves through them in the opposite direction of the initial candle.
Color inputs
Allows for intensive customization in how this tool appears visually.
INTERPRETATION
There are 6 pre-defined ranges that NV can fall within.
NV <= 10
Volume is insignificant
In this range, volume should not be a confirmation in your trading strategy.
NV > 10 and <= 20
Volume is low
In this range, volume should not be a confirmation in your trading strategy.
NV > 20 and <= 40
Volume is fair
In this range, volume should not be the primary confirmation in your trading strategy.
NV > 40 and <= 60
Volume is high
In this range, volume can be the primary confirmation in your trading strategy.
NV > 60 and <= 80
Volume is very high
In this range, volume can be the primary confirmation in your trading strategy.
NV > 80
Volume is extreme
In this range, volume is likely news driven and caution should be taken. High price volatility possible.
To utilize this tool in conjunction with your current strategy, follow the range explanations above section in this section. The higher the NV value, the stronger you can feel about your directional confirmation.
If NV = 100, this means that the highest volume candle occurred up to that point on your selected timeframe. All future data points will be weighed off of this value.
LIMITATIONS
This tool will not load on tickers that do not have volume data, such as VIX.
STRATEGY
The Normalized Volume plot can be used in exactly the same way as you would normally utilize volume in your trading strategy. All we are doing is weighing the volume relative to itself.
Volume boxes can be used as targets to be filled in a similar way to commonly used “fair value gap” strategies. To utilize this strategy, I recommend selecting “Plot to Wicks” in Overlay Plotting and toggling on Show Historical Boxes.
Volume boxes can be used as areas for entry in a similar way to commonly used “order block” strategies. To utilize this strategy, I recommend selecting “Open To Close” in Overlay Plotting.
NOTES
You are able to plot an info label on right side of NV plot using the "Toggle box label" input. When a box is toggled on this label will tell you when the most recent box of that intensity occurred.
This tool is deeply visually customizable, with the ability to adjust line width for plotted boxes, all colors on both box overlays, and all colors on NV panel. Customize it to your liking!
I have a handful of additional features that I plan on adding to this tool in future updates. If there is anything you would like to see added, any bugs you identify, or any strategies you encounter with this tool, I would love to hear from you!
Huge shoutout to @joebaus for assisting in bringing this tool to life, please check out his work here on TradingView!
Adaptive RSI with Real-Time Divergence [AIBitcoinTrend]👽 Adaptive RSI Trailing Stop (AIBitcoinTrend)
The Adaptive RSI Trailing Stop is an indicator that integrates Gaussian-weighted RSI calculations with real-time divergence detection and a dynamic ATR-based trailing stop. This advanced approach allows traders to monitor momentum shifts, identify divergences early, and manage risk with adaptive trailing stop levels that adjust to price action.
👽 What Makes the Adaptive RSI with Signals and Trailing Stop Unique?
Unlike traditional RSI indicators, this version applies a Gaussian-weighted smoothing algorithm, making it more responsive to price action while reducing noise. Additionally, the trailing stop feature dynamically adjusts based on volatility and trend conditions, allowing traders to:
Detects real-time divergences (bullish/bearish) with a smart pivot-based system.
Filter noise with Gaussian weighting, ensuring smoother RSI transitions.
Utilize crossover-based trailing stop activation, for systematic trade management.
👽 The Math Behind the Indicator
👾 Gaussian Weighted RSI Calculation
Traditional RSI calculations rely on simple averages of gains and losses. Instead, this indicator weights recent price changes using a Gaussian distribution, prioritizing more relevant data points while maintaining smooth transitions.
Key Features:
Exponential decay ensures recent price changes are weighted more heavily.
Reduces short-term noise while maintaining responsiveness.
👾 Real-Time Divergence Detection
The indicator detects bullish and bearish divergences using pivot points on RSI compared to price action.
👾 Dynamic ATR-Based Trailing Stop
Bullish Trailing Stop: Activates when RSI crosses above 20 and dynamically adjusts based on low - ATR multiplier.
Bearish Trailing Stop: Activates when RSI crosses below 80 and adjusts based on high + ATR multiplier
This allows traders to:
Lock in profits systematically by adjusting stop-losses dynamically.
Stay in trades longer while maintaining adaptive risk management.
👽 How It Adapts to Market Movements
✔️ Gaussian Filtering ensures smooth RSI transitions while preventing excessive lag.
✔️ Real-Time Divergence Alerts provide early trade signals based on price-RSI discrepancies.
✔️ ATR Trailing Stop dynamically expands or contracts based on market volatility.
✔️ Crossover-Based Activation enables the stop-loss system only when RSI confirms a momentum shift.
👽 How Traders Can Use This Indicator
👾 Divergence Trading
Traders can use real-time divergence detection to anticipate reversals before they happen.
Bullish Divergence Setup:
Look for RSI making a higher low, while price makes a lower low.
Enter long when RSI confirms upward momentum.
Bearish Divergence Setup:
Look for RSI making a lower high, while price makes a higher high.
Enter short when RSI confirms downward momentum.
👾 Trailing Stop Signals
Bullish Signal and Trailing Stop Activation:
When RSI crosses above 20, a trailing stop is placed using low - ATR multiplier.
If price crosses below the stop, it exits the trade and removes the stop.
Bearish Signal and Trailing Stop Activation:
When RSI crosses below 80, a trailing stop is placed using high + ATR multiplier.
If price crosses above the stop, it exits the trade and removes the stop.
This makes trend-following strategies more efficient, while ensuring proper risk management.
👽 Why It’s Useful for Traders
✔️ Dynamic and Adaptive: Adjusts to changing market conditions automatically.
✔️ Noise Reduction: Gaussian-weighted RSI reduces short-term price distortions.
✔️ Comprehensive Strategy Tool: Combines momentum detection, divergence analysis, and automated risk management into a single indicator.
✔️ Works Across Markets & Timeframes: Suitable for stocks, forex, crypto, and futures trading.
👽 Indicator Settings
RSI Length: Defines the lookback period for RSI smoothing.
Gaussian Sigma: Controls how much weight is given to recent data points.
Enable Signal Line: Option to display an RSI-based moving average.
Divergence Lookback: Configures how far back pivot points are detected.
Crossover/crossunder values for signals: Set the crossover/crossunder values that triggers signals.
ATR Multiplier: Adjusts trailing stop sensitivity to market volatility.
Disclaimer: This indicator is designed for educational purposes and does not constitute financial advice. Please consult a qualified financial advisor before making investment decisions.
Money Flow Index MTF + Alerts with Candle Opacity & LabelsHow to Use the Money Flow Index MTF + Alerts with Candle Opacity & Labels Indicator
Overview:
This indicator is designed to help you gauge the buying and selling pressure in a market by using the Money Flow Index (MFI). Unlike many momentum oscillators, the MFI incorporates both price and volume, providing a unique perspective on market activity. It is particularly useful when you want to visually assess potential overbought or oversold conditions.
Indicator Components:
Money Flow Index (MFI) Calculation:
The indicator computes the MFI using a user-defined look-back period (default is 14 bars). The MFI is scaled between 0 and 100, where values above 80 typically indicate overbought conditions and values below 20 suggest oversold conditions.
Multi-Timeframe (MTF) Capability:
You can choose to calculate the MFI using either the current chart’s timeframe or a custom timeframe (for example, a 4-hour chart). This flexibility allows you to compare longer-term money flow trends against your primary trading timeframe.
Candle Opacity Based on MFI:
The opacity of the candles on your chart is dynamically adjusted based on the current MFI reading. When the MFI is high (near 100), candles become more opaque; when the MFI is low (near 0), candles appear more transparent. This visual cue can help you quickly spot changes in market momentum.
Visual Labels for Overbought/Oversold Conditions:
When the MFI crosses into the overbought territory, a red label reading “Overbought” is displayed above the high of the bar. Similarly, when it crosses into the oversold territory, a green label reading “Oversold” is placed below the low of the bar. These labels provide an immediate visual alert to potential reversal points or areas of caution.
Alert Conditions:
The script also includes alert conditions for both overbought and oversold signals. You can set up TradingView alerts so that you are notified in real time when the indicator detects these conditions.
Theory Behind the Money Flow Index (MFI):
The Money Flow Index is a momentum oscillator that uses both price and volume to signal the strength behind price moves.
Overbought Conditions: When the MFI is above 80, it suggests that buying pressure is very strong and the asset might be due for a pullback or consolidation.
Oversold Conditions: Conversely, when the MFI falls below 20, selling pressure is high and the asset might be oversold, potentially priming it for a bounce.
Keep in mind that in strong trending markets, overbought or oversold readings can persist for extended periods, so the MFI should be used in conjunction with other technical analysis tools.
Position Management Guidance:
While the indicator is useful for spotting potential overbought and oversold conditions, it is not designed to serve as an automatic signal to completely close a position. Instead, you might consider using it as a guide for pyramiding—gradually adding to your position over several days rather than exiting all at once. This approach allows you to better manage risk by:
Scaling In or Out Gradually: Instead of making one large position change, you can add or reduce your position in increments as market conditions evolve.
Diversifying Risk: Pyramiding helps you avoid the pitfalls of trying to time the market perfectly on a single trade exit or entry.
How to Get Started:
Apply the Indicator:
Add the indicator to your TradingView chart. Adjust the input settings (length, oversold/overbought levels, and resolution) as needed for your trading style and the market you’re analyzing.
Watch the Candles:
Observe the dynamic opacity of your candles. A sudden change in opacity can be a sign that the underlying money flow is shifting.
Monitor the Labels:
Pay attention to the “Overbought” or “Oversold” labels that appear. Use these cues in combination with your broader analysis to decide if it might be a good time to add to or gradually exit your position.
Set Up Alerts:
Configure TradingView alerts based on the indicator’s alert conditions so that you are notified when the MFI reaches extreme levels.
Use as Part of a Broader Strategy:
Remember, no single indicator should dictate your entire trading decision. Combine MFI signals with other technical analysis, risk management rules, and market insights to guide your trades.
RVMM IndicatorRVMM Indicator
RVMM Indicator combines four indicators: RSI, VWAP, MFI, and Momentum to provide comprehensive technical analysis. This indicator helps traders identify potential market conditions based on the interaction of these indicators.
Components of the RVMM Indicator
1. RSI (Relative Strength Index)
RSI is a momentum indicator that measures the speed and change of price movements. RSI oscillates between 0 and 100 and is used to identify overbought and oversold conditions in the market.
Buy Level: Set at 30. When RSI falls below 30, the market is considered oversold, which may suggest a potential upward trend reversal.
Sell Level: Set at 70. When RSI rises above 70, the market is considered overbought, which may suggest a potential downward trend reversal.
2. VWAP (Volume Weighted Average Price)
VWAP is an indicator that combines price and volume to calculate the average price weighted by volume. VWAP is used to identify support and resistance areas and assess the strength of price movements.
Interpretation: If the price is above the VWAP line, the market is likely in an uptrend. If the price is below the VWAP line, the market is in a downtrend.
3. MFI (Money Flow Index)
MFI is a momentum indicator that considers both price and volume. MFI oscillates between 0 and 100 and is used to identify overbought and oversold conditions in the market.
Oversold Level: Set at 20. When MFI falls below 20, the market is considered oversold.
Overbought Level: Set at 80. When MFI rises above 80, the market is considered overbought.
4. Momentum
Momentum is an indicator that measures the speed of price changes. This indicator is used to identify the strength of a trend.
Interpretation: High momentum values indicate a strong uptrend, while low momentum values indicate a strong downtrend.
How to Use the RVMM Indicator
Interpreting Market Conditions:
RSI : Check RSI values below 30 to identify oversold conditions, and above 70 to identify overbought conditions.
VWAP : Observe whether the price is above or below the VWAP line to determine if the market is in an uptrend or downtrend.
MFI : Check if MFI is below 20 to identify oversold conditions, and above 80 to identify overbought conditions.
Momentum : Analyze momentum values to gauge the strength of the current trend.
Confirming Market Conditions:
Use VWAP, MFI, and Momentum to confirm market conditions identified by RSI.
If the price is above the VWAP line, and MFI and Momentum indicate the strength of the uptrend, the market may be in a bullish phase.
If the price is below the VWAP line, and MFI and Momentum indicate the strength of the downtrend, the market may be in a bearish phase.
Risk Management:
Set stop-loss and take-profit levels based on technical analysis and your trading preferences.
Monitor the market and adjust stop-loss and take-profit levels as market conditions change.
Example of Application
Here is an example of how to use the RVMM Indicator in practice:
Bullish Phase: When the price is above the VWAP line, RSI is below 30, and MFI and Momentum indicate the strength of the uptrend, the market is likely in a bullish phase.
Bearish Phase: When the price is below the VWAP line, RSI is above 70, and MFI and Momentum indicate the strength of the downtrend, the market is likely in a bearish phase.
Multi Stochastic AlertHello Everyone,
I have created a Multi Stochastic Alert based on Scalping Strategy
The Strategy uses below 4 Stochastic indicator:
1. Stochastic (9,3)
2. Stochastic (14,3)
3. Stochastic (40,4)
4. Stochastic (60,10)
Trade entry become active when all of these goes below 20 or above 80, In this indicator you don't need to use all 4, this will show red and green background whenever all of them goes below 20 or above 80.
As shown in picture below, it works better when script is making a channel, Our indicator shows green or red signal, we wait for RSI Divergence and we enter. We book when blue line (9,3) goes above 80, as shown by arrow, and trail rest at breakeven or your own trailing method
Same Situation shown for Short side. We book 50% when Blue line (9,3) Goes below 20 and trail rest at breakeven or your own trailing method
Happy trading, Let me know if any improvements required.
VWMACD-MFI-OBV Composite# MACD-MFI-OBV Composite
A dynamic volume-based technical indicator combining Volume-Weighted MACD, Money Flow Index (MFI), and normalized On Balance Volume (OBV). This composite indicator excels at identifying breakouts and strong trend movements through multiple volume confirmations, making it particularly effective for momentum and high-volatility trading environments.
## Overview
The indicator integrates trend, momentum, and cumulative volume analysis into a unified visualization system. Each component is carefully normalized to enable direct comparison, while the background color system provides instant trend recognition. This version is specifically optimized for breakout detection and strong trend confirmation.
## Core Components
### Volume-Weighted MACD
Visualized through the background color system, this enhanced MACD implementation uses Volume-Weighted Moving Averages (VWMA) instead of traditional EMAs. This modification ensures greater sensitivity to volume-supported price movements while filtering out less significant low-volume price changes. The background alternates between green (bullish) and red (bearish) to provide immediate trend feedback.
### Money Flow Index (MFI)
Displayed as the purple line, the MFI functions as a volume-weighted momentum oscillator. Operating within a natural 0-100 range, it helps identify potential overbought and oversold conditions while confirming volume support for price movements. The MFI is particularly effective at validating breakout momentum.
### Normalized On Balance Volume (OBV)
The white line represents normalized OBV, providing insight into cumulative buying and selling pressure. The normalization process scales OBV to match other components while maintaining its ability to confirm price trends through volume analysis. This component excels at identifying strong breakout movements and volume surges.
## Signal Integration
The indicator generates its most powerful signals when all three components align, particularly during breakout conditions:
Strong Bullish Signals develop when:
- Background shifts to green (VWMACD bullish)
- MFI shows strong upward momentum
- OBV demonstrates sharp volume accumulation
Strong Bearish Signals emerge when:
- Background turns red (VWMACD bearish)
- MFI exhibits downward momentum
- OBV shows significant volume distribution
## Market Application
This indicator variant is specifically designed for:
Breakout Trading:
The OBV component provides excellent sensitivity to volume surges, making it ideal for breakout confirmation and momentum validation.
Trend Following:
Sharp OBV movements combined with MFI momentum help identify and confirm strong trending conditions.
High Volatility Markets:
The indicator's design excels in active, volatile markets where clear signal generation is crucial for decision-making.
## Technical Implementation
Default Parameters:
Volume-Weighted MACD maintains traditional periods (12/26/9) while leveraging volume weighting. MFI uses standard 14-period calculation with 80/20 overbought/oversold thresholds. All components undergo normalization over a 100-period lookback for stable comparison.
Visual Elements:
- Background: VWMACD trend indication (green/red)
- Purple Line: Money Flow Index
- White Line: Normalized OBV
- Yellow Line: Combined signal (arithmetic mean of normalized components)
- Reference Lines: Key levels at 20, 50, and 80
## Trading Methodology
The indicator supports a systematic approach to breakout and momentum trading:
1. Breakout Identification
Monitor for background color changes accompanied by significant OBV movement, indicating potential breakout conditions.
2. Volume Surge Confirmation
Examine OBV slope and magnitude to confirm genuine breakout scenarios versus false moves.
3. Momentum Validation
Use MFI to confirm breakout strength and identify potential exhaustion points.
4. Combined Signal Analysis
The yellow line provides a unified view of all components, helping identify high-probability breakout opportunities.
## Interpretation Guidelines
Breakout Confirmation:
Strong breakouts typically show alignment of all three components with notable OBV surge. This configuration often precedes significant price movements.
Trend Strength:
Continuous OBV expansion during trends, supported by steady MFI readings, suggests sustained momentum.
## Market Selection
Optimal Markets Include:
- High-beta growth stocks
- Momentum-driven securities
- Stocks with significant volatility
- Active trading instruments
- Examples: TSLA, NVDA, growth stocks
## Version Information
Current Version: 2.0.0
This indicator represents a specialized adaptation of volume-based analysis, optimized for breakout trading and momentum strategies in high-volatility environments.
Williams %R IntensityOverview
"Williams %R Intensity" is a unique indicator that combines the classic Williams %R with a dynamic intensity-based visualization. This indicator helps traders identify overbought and oversold conditions with enhanced clarity while also predicting potential future crossovers using smoothed slope calculations. It is tailored for traders seeking a more nuanced approach to trend detection and momentum analysis.
Features and How It Works
Core Calculation:
Williams %R : Measures the current closing price relative to the highest high and lowest low over a user-defined length (default: 14).
Exponential Moving Average (EMA) : Smoothens the %R values for better trend tracking (default length: 14).
Overbought/Oversold Zones :
Upper and lower threshold levels are set at -20 (overbought) and -80 (oversold), making it easier to identify extreme conditions.
Intensity Visualization:
The intensity is calculated based on the absolute distance between Williams %R and its EMA.
The closer the value is to extreme levels, the more pronounced the visual intensity, capping at 90% transparency.
Overbought conditions are highlighted in red; oversold conditions in teal.
Crossover Signals:
Bullish Cross: When Williams %R crosses above its EMA in the oversold zone.
Bearish Cross: When Williams %R crosses below its EMA in the overbought zone.
The background color changes (lime for bullish, red for bearish) to highlight these critical moments when enabled via the "Show Cross & Predicted Cross Signal" option.
Future Cross Prediction:
Uses the smoothed slope of %R to estimate future values over a customizable number of steps.
Predicts potential bullish or bearish crosses based on the interaction between the predicted Williams %R and EMA.
Light green and light red background colors indicate predicted bullish and bearish crosses, respectively.
How to Use
Trend Detection: Use the Williams %R and its EMA to identify ongoing trends and confirm their strength.
Overbought/Oversold Analysis: Pay attention to crosses in extreme zones (-20 and -80) for potential reversals.
Intensity-Based Filtering: The intensity visualization helps to focus on the most significant conditions, reducing noise.
Cross Prediction: Enable "Show Cross & Predicted Cross Signal" to anticipate future turning points and plan trades proactively.
Example Applications
Scalping: Monitor rapid crossovers in lower timeframes for quick entries and exits.
Swing Trading: Use the overbought/oversold zones and cross predictions to identify longer-term reversal opportunities.
Risk Management: The intensity visualization can be used to filter out weak signals, ensuring higher-quality trade setups.
Chart Information
For clarity and compliance with publishing standards:
The chart should display the full symbol, timeframe, and the script name ("Williams %R Intensity").
Ensure the indicator is visible and properly configured for the chart.
GOLDEN RSI by @thejamiulGOLDEN RSI thejamiul is a versatile Relative Strength Index (RSI)-based tool designed to provide enhanced visualization and additional insights into market trends and potential reversal points. This indicator improves upon the traditional RSI by integrating gradient fills for overbought/oversold zones and divergence detection features, making it an excellent choice for traders who seek precise and actionable signals.
Source of this indicator : This indicator is based on @TradingView original RSI indicator with a little bit of customisation to enhance overbought and oversold identification.
Key Features
1. Customizable RSI Settings:
RSI Length: Adjust the RSI calculation period to suit your trading style (default: 14).
Source Selection: Choose the price source (e.g., close, open, high, low) for RSI calculation.
2. Gradient-Filled RSI Zones:
Overbought Zone (80-100): Gradient fill with shades of green to indicate strong bullish conditions.
Oversold Zone (0-20): Gradient fill with shades of red to highlight strong bearish conditions.
3. Support and Resistance Levels:
Upper Band: 80
Middle Bands: 60 (bullish) and 40 (bearish)
Lower Band: 20
These levels help identify overbought, oversold, and neutral zones.
4. Divergence Detection:
Bullish Divergence: Detects lower lows in price with corresponding higher lows in RSI, signaling potential upward reversals.
Bearish Divergence: Detects higher highs in price with corresponding lower highs in RSI, indicating potential downward reversals.
Visual Indicators:
Bullish divergence is marked with green labels and line plots.
Bearish divergence is marked with red labels and line plots.
5. Alert Functionality:
Custom Alerts: Set up alerts for bullish or bearish divergences to stay notified of potential trading opportunities without constant chart monitoring.
6. Enhanced Chart Visualization:
RSI Plot: A smooth and visually appealing RSI curve.
Color Coding: Gradient and fills for better distinction of trading zones.
Pivot Labels: Clear identification of divergence points on the RSI plot.
Poisson Projection of Price Levels### **Poisson Projection of Price Levels**
**Overview:**
The *Poisson Projection of Price Levels* is a cutting-edge technical indicator designed to identify and visualize potential support and resistance levels based on historical price interactions. By leveraging the Poisson distribution, this tool dynamically adjusts the significance of each price level's past "touches" to project future interactions with varying degrees of probability. This probabilistic approach offers traders a nuanced view of where price levels may hold or react in upcoming bars, enhancing both analysis and trading strategies.
---
**🔍 **Math & Methodology**
1. **Strata Levels:**
- **Definition:** Strata are horizontal lines spaced evenly around the current closing price.
- **Calculation:**
\
where \(i\) ranges from 0 to \(\text{Strata Count} - 1\).
2. **Forecast Iterations:**
- **Structure:** The indicator projects five forecast iterations into the future, each spaced by a Fibonacci sequence of bars: 2, 3, 5, 8, and 13 bars ahead. This spacing is inspired by the Fibonacci sequence, which is prevalent in financial market analysis for identifying key levels.
- **Purpose:** Each iteration represents a distinct forecast point where the price may interact with the strata, allowing for a multi-step projection of potential price levels.
3. **Touch Counting:**
- **Definition:** A "touch" occurs when the closing price of a bar is within half the increment of a stratum level.
- **Process:** For each stratum and each forecast iteration, the indicator counts the number of touches within a specified lookback window (e.g., 80 bars), offset by the forecasted position. This ensures that each iteration's touch count is independent and contextually relevant to its forecast horizon.
- **Adjustment:** Each forecast iteration analyzes a unique segment of the lookback window, offset by its forecasted position to ensure independent probability calculations.
4. **Poisson Probability Calculation:**
- **Formula:**
\
\
- **Interpretation:** \(p(k=1)\) represents the probability of exactly one touch occurring within the lookback window for each stratum and iteration.
- **Application:** This probability is used to determine the transparency of each stratum line, where higher probabilities result in more opaque (less transparent) lines, indicating stronger historical significance.
5. **Transparency Mapping:**
- **Calculation:**
\
- **Purpose:** Maps the Poisson probability to a visual transparency level, enhancing the readability of significant strata levels.
- **Outcome:** Strata with higher probabilities (more historical touches) appear more opaque, while those with lower probabilities appear fainter.
---
**📊 **Comparability to Standard Techniques**
1. **Support and Resistance Levels:**
- **Traditional Approach:** Traders identify support and resistance based on historical price reversals, pivot points, or psychological price levels.
- **Poisson Projection:** Automates and quantifies this process by statistically analyzing the frequency of price interactions with specific levels, providing a probabilistic measure of significance.
2. **Statistical Modeling:**
- **Standard Models:** Techniques like Moving Averages, Bollinger Bands, or Fibonacci Retracements offer dynamic and rule-based levels but lack direct probabilistic interpretation.
- **Poisson Projection:** Introduces a discrete event probability framework, offering a unique blend of statistical rigor and visual clarity that complements traditional indicators.
3. **Event-Based Analysis:**
- **Financial Industry Practices:** Event studies and high-frequency trading models often use Poisson processes to model order arrivals or price jumps.
- **Indicator Application:** While not identical, the use of Poisson probabilities in this indicator draws inspiration from event-based modeling, applying it to the context of price level interactions.
---
**💡 **Strengths & Advantages**
1. **Innovative Visualization:**
- Combines statistical probability with traditional support/resistance visualization, offering a fresh perspective on price level significance.
2. **Dynamic Adaptability:**
- Parameters like strata increment, lookback window, and probability threshold are user-defined, allowing customization across different markets and timeframes.
3. **Independent Probability Calculations:**
- Each forecast iteration calculates its own Poisson probability, ensuring that projections are contextually relevant and independent of other iterations.
4. **Clear Visual Cues:**
- Transparency-based coloring intuitively highlights significant price levels, making it easier for traders to identify key areas of interest at a glance.
---
**⚠️ **Limitations & Considerations**
1. **Poisson Assumptions:**
- Assumes that touches occur independently and at a constant average rate (\(\lambda\)), which may not always align with market realities characterized by trends and volatility clustering.
2. **Computational Intensity:**
- Managing multiple iterations and strata can be resource-intensive, potentially affecting performance on lower-powered devices or with very high lookback windows.
3. **Interpretation Complexity:**
- While transparency offers visual clarity, understanding the underlying probability calculations requires a basic grasp of Poisson statistics, which may be a barrier for some traders.
---
**📢 **How to Use It**
1. **Add to TradingView:**
- Open TradingView and navigate to the Pine Script Editor.
- Paste the script above and click **Add to Chart**.
2. **Configure Inputs:**
- **Strata Increment:** Set the desired price step between strata (e.g., `0.1` for 10 cents).
- **Lookback Window:** Define how many past bars to consider for calculating Poisson probabilities (e.g., `80`).
- **Probability Transparency Threshold (%):** Set the threshold percentage to map probabilities to line transparency (e.g., `25%`).
3. **Understand the Forecast Iterations:**
- The indicator projects five forecast points into the future at bar spacings of 2, 3, 5, 8, and 13 bars ahead.
- Each iteration independently calculates its Poisson probability based on the touch counts within its specific lookback window offset by its forecasted position.
4. **Interpret the Visualization:**
- **Opaque Lines:** Indicate higher Poisson probabilities, suggesting historically significant price levels that are more likely to interact again.
- **Fainter Lines:** Represent lower probabilities, indicating less historically significant levels that may be less likely to interact.
- **Forecast Spacing:** The spacing of 2, 3, 5, 8, and 13 bars ahead aligns with Fibonacci principles, offering a natural progression in forecast horizons.
5. **Apply to Trading Strategies:**
- **Support/Resistance Identification:** Use the opaque lines as potential support and resistance levels for placing trades.
- **Entry and Exit Points:** Anticipate price interactions at forecasted levels to plan strategic entries and exits.
- **Risk Management:** Utilize the transparency mapping to determine where to place stop-loss and take-profit orders based on the probability of price interactions.
6. **Customize as Needed:**
- Adjust the **Strata Increment** to fit different price ranges or volatility levels.
- Modify the **Lookback Window** to capture more or fewer historical touches, adapting to different timeframes or market conditions.
- Tweak the **Probability Transparency Threshold** to control the sensitivity of transparency mapping to Poisson probabilities.
**📈 **Practical Applications**
1. **Identifying Key Levels:**
- Quickly visualize which price levels have historically had significant interactions, aiding in the identification of potential support and resistance zones.
2. **Forecasting Price Reactions:**
- Use the forecast iterations to anticipate where price may interact in the near future, assisting in planning entry and exit points.
3. **Risk Management:**
- Determine areas of high probability for price reversals or consolidations, enabling better placement of stop-loss and take-profit orders.
4. **Market Analysis:**
- Assess the strength of market levels over different forecast horizons, providing a multi-layered understanding of market structure.
---
**🔗 **Conclusion**
The *Poisson Projection of Price Levels* bridges the gap between statistical modeling and traditional technical analysis, offering traders a sophisticated tool to quantify and visualize the significance of price levels. By integrating Poisson probabilities with dynamic transparency mapping, this indicator provides a unique and insightful perspective on potential support and resistance zones, enhancing both analysis and trading strategies.
---
**📞 **Contact:**
For support or inquiries, please contact me on TradingView!
---
**📢 **Join the Conversation!**
Have questions, feedback, or suggestions for further enhancements? Feel free to comment below or reach out directly. Your input helps refine and evolve this tool to better serve the trading community.
---
**Happy Trading!** 🚀
Edwin K Stochastic Candle ColorsThe Stochastic Candle Colors indicator highlights price action using candle colors based on signals from the stochastic oscillator. Here's how to use it:
1. Indicator Purpose
This indicator overlays on your price chart and changes candle colors based on stochastic oscillator signals:
Green candles: Indicate a bullish signal when the %K line crosses above the %D line in an oversold area (below 20).
Red candles: Indicate a bearish signal when the %K line crosses below the %D line in an overbought area (above 80).
2. How to Use the Inputs
K (periodK): The lookback period for calculating the %K line of the stochastic oscillator. A smaller value makes the indicator more sensitive to price changes.
D (periodD): The period for smoothing the %K line to get the %D line. A larger value creates smoother signals but may result in delays.
Smooth (smoothK): The additional smoothing applied to the %K line before calculating the %D line. This helps reduce noise.
3. How to Interpret the Candle Colors
Green Candle:
Occurs when the %K line crosses above the %D line in the oversold zone (below 20).
Signals a potential bullish reversal.
Red Candle:
Occurs when the %K line crosses below the %D line in the overbought zone (above 80).
Signals a potential bearish reversal.
No Color:
No crossover occurs, or the crossover doesn't happen in overbought/oversold zones.
4. Application in Trading
Entry Points:
Buy when you see a green candle and confirm with other indicators or chart patterns.
Sell when you see a red candle and confirm with additional signals.
Trend Context:
Combine this indicator with trend-following tools like moving averages or support/resistance levels to improve accuracy.
Stop Loss/Take Profit:
Use nearby swing highs/lows for stop-loss placement.
Set profit targets based on risk-reward ratios or key levels.
5. Customization
Adjust the input parameters (K, D, and Smooth) to align the indicator's sensitivity with your trading style:
Short-term traders might prefer lower values for quicker signals.
Long-term traders might opt for higher values for smoother, more reliable signals.
6. Limitations
Signals in isolation might not be reliable. Always use this indicator in conjunction with other tools.
Avoid using during low volatility or sideways markets as stochastic oscillators can produce false signals.
4-Hour Moving AveragesTitle: 4-Hour Moving Averages Indicator
Description:
The "4-Hour Moving Averages" indicator is designed to help traders easily visualize key moving averages derived from the 4-hour timeframe, regardless of the chart interval they are using. This indicator plots four moving averages: a 15-period SMA (Short-Term), a 35-period SMA (Intermediate-Term), an 80-period SMA (Long-Term), and a 130-period SMA (Confirmation).
These moving averages provide a balanced approach for identifying short, medium, and long-term trends, as well as confirming significant market movements. Ideal for swing traders and those looking for clear trend signals, the indicator can be used for various markets, including stocks, forex, and cryptocurrencies.
The 4-hour moving averages overlay directly on the price chart, allowing for easy analysis of current price movements relative to important trend indicators. Use this script to enhance your trading decisions, identify opportunities, and avoid market traps by relying on consistent moving average trends.
Features:
- 15 SMA for Short-Term Trends (in red)
- 35 SMA for Intermediate-Term Trends (in orange)
- 80 SMA for Long-Term Trends (in green)
- 130 SMA for Confirmation (in blue)
Feel free to modify the settings to suit your specific strategy and market conditions.
Weekly COTAdjusted COT Index
Improves upon: "COT Index Commercials vs large and small Speculators" by SystematicFutures
How: CoT Indexes are adjusted by Open Interest to normalise data over time, and threshold background colours are in-line with Larry Williams recommendations from his book.
Note: This indicator is **only** accurate on the Daily time-frame due to the mid-week release date for CoT data.
This script calculates and plots the Adjusted Commitment of Traders (COT) Index for Commercial, Large Speculator, and Retail (Small Speculator) categories.
The CoT Index is adjusted by Open Interest to normalise data through time, following the methodology of Larry Williams, providing insights into how these groups are positioned in the market with an arguably more historically accurate context.
COT Categories
-------------------
- Commercials (Producers/Hedgers): Large entities hedging against price changes in the underlying asset.
- Large Speculators (Non-commercials): Professional traders and funds speculating on price movements.
- Retail Traders (Nonreportable/Small Speculators): Small individual traders, typically less informed.
Features
----------
- Open Interest Adjustment
- The net positions for each category are normalized by Open Interest to account
for varying contract sizes.
- Customisable Look-back Period
- You can adjust the number of weeks for the index calculation to control the
historical range used for comparison.
- Thresholds for Extremes
- Upper and lower thresholds (configurable) are provided to mark overbought and
oversold conditions.
- Defaults
- Overbought: <=20
- Oversold: >= 80
- Hide Current Week Option
- Optionally hide the current week's data until market close for more accurate comparison.
- Visual Aids
- Plot the Commercials, Large Speculators, and Retail indexes, and optionally highlight extreme positioning.
Inputs
--------
- weeks
- Number of weeks for historical range comparison.
- upperExtreme and lowerExtreme
- Thresholds to identify overbought/oversold conditions (default 80/20).
- hideCurrentWeek
- Option to hide current week's data until market close.
- markExtremes
- Highlight extremes where any index crosses the upper or lower thresholds.
- Options to display or hide indexes for Commercials, Large Speculators, and Small Speculators.
Outputs
----------
- The script plots the COT Index for each of the three categories and highlights periods of extreme positioning with customisable thresholds.
Usage
-------
- This tool is useful for traders who want to track the positioning of different market participants over time.
- By identifying the extreme positions of Commercials, Large Speculators, and Retail traders, it can give insights into market sentiment and potential reversals.
- Reversals of trend can be confirmed with RSI Divergence (daily), for example
- Continuation can be confirmed with RSI overbought/oversold conditions (daily), and/or hidden RSI Hidden Divergence, for example
Price Action All In OneThis indicator represents the most advanced level of price action indicators, incorporating six useful features: traditional gaps, shadow gaps, bar counting, moving averages, previous values, and IO pattern matching .
When I refer to price action, I mean the teachings of Dr. Al Brooks.
While you can find these features in other indicators, mine is more advanced. The default settings are designed to work on a 5-minute timeframe, but you can also use this indicator on other time periods if you prefer.
Gaps
Traditional Gaps: Occurs when the lowest price of a bar is higher than the highest price of the previous bar, or the highest price of a bar is lower than the lowest price of the previous bar.
Shadow/Tail Gaps: Occurs when the lowest price of a bar is higher than the highest price of the second last bar, or the highest price of a bar is lower than the lowest price of the second last bar.
Gaps indicate strength, and consecutive gaps in one direction are characteristic of a strong trend. They offer a perspective on the strength of a trend, signifying that limit orders on one side are at a loss with no opportunity to exit at breakeven. Can bulls or bears create gaps? Are the gaps they create filled, or do they remain open?
Traditional Gaps & Shadow/Tail Gaps
Bar Counting
The ability to use different timeframes (e.g., to determine the minute within an hour or the hour within a week).
Consistent display of 1; in other indicators, if you set intervals to 2, you see 2, 4, 6, etc., or 1, 2, 4, 6. In my indicator, you will see 1, 3, 5, etc.
In intraday trading, certain specific times are more important than others. For example, a form of reversal is more likely to occur at the midpoint of the trading day (if there are 80 candles in a day, the midpoint is at the 40th candle).
This doesn't mean you should make reversal trades at the 40th candle. The bar count feature simply reminds you of the current time, helping you gauge how long until the trading day ends. For instance, if there are 80 candles in a day and you're an intraday trader, you probably shouldn't make a swing trade at the 70th candle because there are only 10 candles left until the close—likely not enough time for a swing to develop.
Additionally, if you trade on a 5-minute timeframe, seeing candles numbered 3, 6, 9, etc. indicates the close of a 15-minute candle. This means that in addition to 5-minute timeframe traders, 15-minute timeframe traders will also pay attention to these candles, making them more significant. For the same reason, the 12th candle is crucial, as its close also marks the close of an hourly candle.
Day Time Frame & Week Time Frame
Moving Averages
Provides three EMAs. You can set different timeframes and choose between continuous or discrete modes.
Moving averages are excellent tools for determining trends. The 20 EMA is particularly popular, which increases its significance. Traders using different timeframes, such as 5-minute, 15-minute, and 1-hour, all utilize the 20 EMA. This indicator allows you to see what traders on 15-minute and 1-hour timeframes are observing, even when you're on a 5-minute timeframe.
Once again, the default settings of this indicator assume that the user is trading intraday on a 5-minute timeframe. However, if that's not the case, you can easily adjust the moving average periods. For instance, if you trade on a 1-hour timeframe and want to display the 4-hour and daily moving averages on your chart, this can be done effortlessly.
5m 20, 15m 20 & 1h 20
Previous Values
Features three previous value displays. You can set their sources and timeframes independently and define the range for all previous values.
For intraday trading, marking the previous day's high, low, and close prices can be crucial. While some other indicators provide this feature, mine does it better. You can set different timeframes and choose various sources. For example, you might want to display the average of (O+H+L+C)/4 for the last week.
In addition to setting the timeframe and source, you can also configure the display range:
All: This will show the data in all positions. For example, you can see the high price from two days ago on yesterday's chart.
Today: This will only display the previous day's high price on the current day's chart.
Timeframe: This will display the data based on the specified timeframe you set.
Last Week High, Last Day Close & Low(Timeframe Display)
IO Pattern Matching
More advanced than other IO pattern matching indicators. For adjacent IIs, it merges to display as III, IIII, and so on. The same applies to OO patterns. Additionally, it automatically merges adjacent IOI and II into IOII, and adjacent OO and IOI into IIOI.
II Pattern: This refers to two consecutive inside bar candles. On a lower timeframe, the II pattern forms a converging triangle, which is a breakout pattern. The II pattern could also potentially become a final flag, which is the last flag in a trend.
OO Pattern: This refers to two consecutive outside bar candles. On a lower timeframe, the OO pattern forms an expanding triangle. You can use the OO pattern similarly to how you would use an expanding triangle.
IOI Pattern: This pattern occurs when the first candle is contained within the second candle, and the third candle is also contained within the second candle. This is a breakout pattern and could similarly represent a terminal flag in a trend.
The appearance of II, OO, or IOI patterns does not necessarily mean you should make a reversal trade. These patterns are meant to mark potential moves in a lower timeframe within the current cycle, providing a new perspective on the market and reminding you to stay vigilant.
You shouldn't look for IO patterns in a tight trading range. There are many IO patterns in a tight trading range, but they don't hold much significance.
II, OO & IOI
Adjusted CoT IndexAdjusted COT Index
Improves upon: "COT Index Commercials vs large and small Speculators" by SystematicFutures
How: CoT Indexes are adjusted by Open Interest to normalise data over time, and threshold background colours are in-line with Larry Williams recommendations from his book.
Note: This indicator is **only** accurate on the Daily time-frame due to the mid-week release date for CoT data.
This script calculates and plots the Adjusted Commitment of Traders (COT) Index for Commercial, Large Speculator, and Retail (Small Speculator) categories.
The CoT Index is adjusted by Open Interest to normalise data through time, following the methodology of Larry Williams, providing insights into how these groups are positioned in the market with an arguably more historically accurate context.
COT Categories
-------------------
- Commercials (Producers/Hedgers): Large entities hedging against price changes in the underlying asset.
- Large Speculators (Non-commercials): Professional traders and funds speculating on price movements.
- Retail Traders (Nonreportable/Small Speculators): Small individual traders, typically less informed.
Features
----------
- Open Interest Adjustment
- The net positions for each category are normalized by Open Interest to account
for varying contract sizes.
- Customisable Look-back Period
- You can adjust the number of weeks for the index calculation to control the
historical range used for comparison.
- Thresholds for Extremes
- Upper and lower thresholds (configurable) are provided to mark overbought and
oversold conditions.
- Defaults
- Overbought: <=20
- Oversold: >= 80
- Hide Current Week Option
- Optionally hide the current week's data until market close for more accurate comparison.
- Visual Aids
- Plot the Commercials, Large Speculators, and Retail indexes, and optionally highlight extreme positioning.
Inputs
--------
- weeks
- Number of weeks for historical range comparison.
- upperExtreme and lowerExtreme
- Thresholds to identify overbought/oversold conditions (default 80/20).
- hideCurrentWeek
- Option to hide current week's data until market close.
- markExtremes
- Highlight extremes where any index crosses the upper or lower thresholds.
- Options to display or hide indexes for Commercials, Large Speculators, and Small Speculators.
Outputs
----------
- The script plots the COT Index for each of the three categories and highlights periods of extreme positioning with customisable thresholds.
Usage
-------
- This tool is useful for traders who want to track the positioning of different market participants over time.
- By identifying the extreme positions of Commercials, Large Speculators, and Retail traders, it can give insights into market sentiment and potential reversals.
- Reversals of trend can be confirmed with RSI Divergence (daily), for example
- Continuation can be confirmed with RSI overbought/oversold conditions (daily), and/or hidden RSI Hidden Divergence, for example
IMI and MFI CombinedFor a strategy using the combined IMI (Intraday Momentum Index), MFI (Money Flow Index), and Bollinger Bands on a 1-minute chart of Bank NIFTY (Bank Nifty Index), here's how you can interpret the indicators and define a sell signal strategy:
Strategy Explanation:
IMI (Intraday Momentum Index):
IMI measures the ratio of upward price changes to downward price changes over a specified period, indicating momentum.
In the script, IMI is plotted with a range from 0 to 100. Levels above 75 are considered overbought, and levels below 25 are oversold.
Strategy Condition: A sell signal can be considered when IMI is above 75, indicating a potentially overbought market condition.
MFI (Money Flow Index):
MFI measures the strength of money flowing in and out of a security, using price and volume.
In the script, MFI is plotted with levels at 80 (overbought) and 20 (oversold).
Strategy Condition: A sell signal can be considered when MFI is above 80, suggesting an overbought condition in the market.
Bollinger Bands:
Bollinger Bands consist of a middle band (SMA) and upper/lower bands representing volatility levels around the price.
In the script, Bollinger Bands are plotted with a length of 20 and a standard deviation multiplier of 2.
Strategy Condition: While not explicitly used for generating sell signals in this script, Bollinger Bands can help confirm price volatility and potential reversals when combined with other indicators.
Sell Signal Criteria:
IMI Sell Signal: Look for instances where IMI rises above 75. This indicates that the recent upward price momentum may be reaching an unsustainable level, potentially signaling a reversal or a pullback in prices.
MFI Sell Signal: Look for MFI rising above 80. This suggests that the market has experienced strong buying pressure, possibly leading to an overbought condition where a price correction or reversal might occur.
Implementation Considerations:
Confirmation: Consider waiting for both IMI and MFI to confirm the overbought condition simultaneously before entering a sell trade. This can increase the reliability of the signal.
Risk Management: Use stop-loss orders to manage risk in case the market moves against the anticipated direction after the sell signal is triggered.
Timeframe: This strategy is tailored for a 1-minute chart, meaning signals should be interpreted and acted upon quickly due to the rapid nature of price movements in intraday trading.
By combining these indicators and interpreting their signals, you can develop a systematic approach to identifying potential sell opportunities in the Bank NIFTY index on a 1-minute timeframe. Adjustments to indicator parameters and additional technical analysis may further refine the strategy based on your trading preferences and risk tolerance.
MACD with 1D Stochastic Confirmation Reversal StrategyOverview
The MACD with 1D Stochastic Confirmation Reversal Strategy utilizes MACD indicator in conjunction with 1 day timeframe Stochastic indicators to obtain the high probability short-term trend reversal signals. The main idea is to wait until MACD line crosses up it’s signal line, at the same time Stochastic indicator on 1D time frame shall show the uptrend (will be discussed in methodology) and not to be in the oversold territory. Strategy works on time frames from 30 min to 4 hours and opens only long trades.
Unique Features
Dynamic stop-loss system: Instead of fixed stop-loss level strategy utilizes average true range (ATR) multiplied by user given number subtracted from the position entry price as a dynamic stop loss level.
Configurable Trading Periods: Users can tailor the strategy to specific market windows, adapting to different market conditions.
Higher time frame confirmation: Strategy utilizes 1D Stochastic to establish the major trend and confirm the local reversals with the higher probability.
Trailing take profit level: After reaching the trailing profit activation level scrip activate the trailing of long trade using EMA. More information in methodology.
Methodology
The strategy opens long trade when the following price met the conditions:
MACD line of MACD indicator shall cross over the signal line of MACD indicator.
1D time frame Stochastic’s K line shall be above the D line.
1D time frame Stochastic’s K line value shall be below 80 (not overbought)
When long trade is executed, strategy set the stop-loss level at the price ATR multiplied by user-given value below the entry price. This level is recalculated on every next candle close, adjusting to the current market volatility.
At the same time strategy set up the trailing stop validation level. When the price crosses the level equals entry price plus ATR multiplied by user-given value script starts to trail the price with EMA. If price closes below EMA long trade is closed. When the trailing starts, script prints the label “Trailing Activated”.
Strategy settings
In the inputs window user can setup the following strategy settings:
ATR Stop Loss (by default = 3.25, value multiplied by ATR to be subtracted from position entry price to setup stop loss)
ATR Trailing Profit Activation Level (by default = 4.25, value multiplied by ATR to be added to position entry price to setup trailing profit activation level)
Trailing EMA Length (by default = 20, period for EMA, when price reached trailing profit activation level EMA will stop out of position if price closes below it)
User can choose the optimal parameters during backtesting on certain price chart, in our example we use default settings.
Justification of Methodology
This strategy leverages 2 time frames analysis to have the high probability reversal setups on lower time frame in the direction of the 1D time frame trend. That’s why it’s recommended to use this strategy on 30 min – 4 hours time frames.
To have an approximation of 1D time frame trend strategy utilizes classical Stochastic indicator. The Stochastic Indicator is a momentum oscillator that compares a security's closing price to its price range over a specific period. It's used to identify overbought and oversold conditions. The indicator ranges from 0 to 100, with readings above 80 indicating overbought conditions and readings below 20 indicating oversold conditions.
It consists of two lines:
%K: The main line, calculated using the formula (CurrentClose−LowestLow)/(HighestHigh−LowestLow)×100 . Highest and lowest price taken for 14 periods.
%D: A smoothed moving average of %K, often used as a signal line.
Strategy logic assumes that on 1D time frame it’s uptrend in %K line is above the %D line. Moreover, we can consider long trade only in %K line is below 80. It means that in overbought state the long trade will not be opened due to higher probability of pullback or even major trend reversal. If these conditions are met we are going to our working (lower) time frame.
On the chosen time frame, we remind you that for correct work of this strategy you shall use 30min – 4h time frames, MACD line shall cross over it’s signal line. The MACD (Moving Average Convergence Divergence) is a popular momentum and trend-following indicator used in technical analysis. It helps traders identify changes in the strength, direction, momentum, and duration of a trend in a stock's price.
The MACD consists of three components:
MACD Line: This is the difference between a short-term Exponential Moving Average (EMA) and a long-term EMA, typically calculated as: MACD Line=12-period EMA−26-period
Signal Line: This is a 9-period EMA of the MACD Line, which helps to identify buy or sell signals. When the MACD Line crosses above the Signal Line, it can be a bullish signal (suggesting a buy); when it crosses below, it can be a bearish signal (suggesting a sell).
Histogram: The histogram shows the difference between the MACD Line and the Signal Line, visually representing the momentum of the trend. Positive histogram values indicate increasing bullish momentum, while negative values indicate increasing bearish momentum.
In our script we are interested in only MACD and signal lines. When MACD line crosses signal line there is a high chance that short-term trend reversed to the upside. We use this strategy on 45 min time frame.
ATR is used to adjust the strategy risk management to the current market volatility. If volatility is low, we don’t need the large stop loss to understand the there is a high probability that we made a mistake opening the trade. User can setup the settings ATR Stop Loss and ATR Trailing Profit Activation Level to realize his own risk to reward preferences, but the unique feature of a strategy is that after reaching trailing profit activation level strategy is trying to follow the trend until it is likely to be finished instead of using fixed risk management settings. It allows sometimes to be involved in the large movements.
Backtest Results
Operating window: Date range of backtests is 2023.01.01 - 2024.08.01. It is chosen to let the strategy to close all opened positions.
Commission and Slippage: Includes a standard Binance commission of 0.1% and accounts for possible slippage over 5 ticks.
Initial capital: 10000 USDT
Percent of capital used in every trade: 30%
Maximum Single Position Loss: -4.79%
Maximum Single Profit: +20.14%
Net Profit: +2361.33 USDT (+44.72%)
Total Trades: 123 (44.72% win rate)
Profit Factor: 1.623
Maximum Accumulated Loss: 695.80 USDT (-5.48%)
Average Profit per Trade: 19.20 USDT (+0.59%)
Average Trade Duration: 30 hours
These results are obtained with realistic parameters representing trading conditions observed at major exchanges such as Binance and with realistic trading portfolio usage parameters.
How to Use
Add the script to favorites for easy access.
Apply to the desired timeframe between 30 min and 4 hours and chart (optimal performance observed on 45 min BTC/USDT).
Configure settings using the dropdown choice list in the built-in menu.
Set up alerts to automate strategy positions through web hook with the text: {{strategy.order.alert_message}}
Disclaimer:
Educational and informational tool reflecting Skyrex commitment to informed trading. Past performance does not guarantee future results. Test strategies in a simulated environment before live implementation
