在脚本中搜索"crossover债券是什么"
RN MACD SignalsThis is my simple way to quickly see MACD signals without having the MACD taking up space. The one at the bottom is for display to show how this works. A crossover occurs when the arrow flips over. The position of the arrow tells you if it is currently above or below the zero line. You can change the script to overlay and have it show up above or below price also. Let me know what you think.
MACD Crossover MACD – Moving Average Convergence Divergence. The MACD is calculated
by subtracting a 26-day moving average of a security's price from a
12-day moving average of its price. The result is an indicator that
oscillates above and below zero. When the MACD is above zero, it means
the 12-day moving average is higher than the 26-day moving average.
This is bullish as it shows that current expectations (i.e., the 12-day
moving average) are more bullish than previous expectations (i.e., the
26-day average). This implies a bullish, or upward, shift in the supply/demand
lines. When the MACD falls below zero, it means that the 12-day moving average
is less than the 26-day moving average, implying a bearish shift in the
supply/demand lines.
A 9-day moving average of the MACD (not of the security's price) is usually
plotted on top of the MACD indicator. This line is referred to as the "signal"
line. The signal line anticipates the convergence of the two moving averages
(i.e., the movement of the MACD toward the zero line).
Let's consider the rational behind this technique. The MACD is the difference
between two moving averages of price. When the shorter-term moving average rises
above the longer-term moving average (i.e., the MACD rises above zero), it means
that investor expectations are becoming more bullish (i.e., there has been an
upward shift in the supply/demand lines). By plotting a 9-day moving average of
the MACD, we can see the changing of expectations (i.e., the shifting of the
supply/demand lines) as they occur.
Strategy Stochastic Crossover This back testing strategy generates a long trade at the Open of the following
bar when the %K line crosses below the %D line and both are above the Overbought level.
It generates a short trade at the Open of the following bar when the %K line
crosses above the %D line and both values are below the Oversold level.
Trailing TP Bot • Crossover-based Trend Strategy using two simple moving averages (SMAs)
• Includes Take Profit and optional Trailing Take Profit
• Trades both long and short
• No pyramiding, i.e., one position at a time
Pairs SMA Cross Over/UnderIndicator shows when a pair's SMAs cross-above or cross-under. You pick the pairs by changing the s#-corresponding to the p# matching the pair you want. The other variable numbers are out of order but it doesn't matter expect to the look of the script.
Easy MA SignalsEasy MA Signals
Overview
Easy MA Signals is a versatile Pine Script indicator designed to help traders visualize moving average (MA) trends, generate buy/sell signals based on crossovers or custom price levels, and enhance chart analysis with volume-based candlestick coloring. Built with flexibility in mind, it supports multiple MA types, crossover options, and customizable signal appearances, making it suitable for traders of all levels. Whether you're a day trader, swing trader, or long-term investor, this indicator provides actionable insights while keeping your charts clean and intuitive.
Configure the Settings
The indicator is divided into three input groups for ease of use:
General Settings:
Candlestick Color Scheme: Choose from 10 volume-based color schemes (e.g., Sapphire Pulse, Emerald Spark) to highlight high/low volume candles. Select “None” for TradingView’s default colors.
Moving Average Length: Set the MA period (default: 20). Adjust for faster (lower values) or slower (higher values) signals.
Moving Average Type: Choose between SMA, EMA, or WMA (default: EMA).
Show Buy/Sell Signals: Enable/disable signal plotting (default: enabled).
Moving Average Crossover: Select a crossover type (e.g., MA vs VWAP, MA vs SMA50) for signals or “None” to disable.
Volume Influence: Adjust how volume impacts candlestick colors (default: 1.2). Higher values make thresholds stricter.
Signal Appearance Settings:
Buy/Sell Signal Shape: Choose shapes like triangles, arrows, or labels for signals.
Buy/Sell Signal Position: Place signals above or below bars.
Buy/Sell Signal Color: Customize colors for better visibility (default: green for buy, red for sell).
Custom Price Alerts:
Custom Buy/Sell Alert Price: Set specific price levels for alerts (default: 0, disabled). Enter a non-zero value to enable.
Set Up Alerts
To receive notifications (e.g., sound, popup, email) when signals or custom price levels are hit:
Click the Alert button (alarm clock icon) in TradingView.
Select Easy MA Signals as the condition and choose one of the four alert types:
MA Crossover Buy Alert: Triggers on MA crossover buy signals.
MA Crossover Sell Alert: Triggers on MA crossover sell signals.
Custom Buy Alert: Triggers when price crosses above the custom buy price.
Custom Sell Alert: Triggers when price crosses below the custom sell price.
Enable Play Sound and select a sound (e.g., “Bell”).
Set the frequency (e.g., Once Per Bar Close for confirmed signals) and create the alert.
Analyze the Chart
Moving Average Line: Displays the selected MA with color changes (green for bullish, red for bearish, gray for neutral) based on price position relative to the MA.
Buy/Sell Signals: Appear as shapes or labels when crossovers or custom price levels are hit.
Candlestick Colors: If a color scheme is selected, candles change color based on volume strength (high, low, or neutral), aiding in trend confirmation.
Why Use Easy MA Signals?
Easy MA Signals is designed to simplify technical analysis while offering advanced customization. It’s ideal for traders who want:
A clear visualization of MA trends and crossovers.
Flexible signal generation based on MA crossovers or custom price levels.
Volume-enhanced candlestick coloring to identify market strength.
Easy-to-use settings with tooltips for beginners and pros alike.
This script is particularly valuable because it combines multiple features into one indicator, reducing chart clutter and providing actionable insights without overwhelming the user.
Benefits of Easy MA Signals
Highly Customizable: Supports SMA, EMA, and WMA with adjustable lengths.
Offers multiple crossover options (VWAP, SMA10, SMA20, etc.) for tailored strategies.
Custom price alerts allow precise targeting of key levels.
Volume-Based Candlestick Coloring: 10 unique color schemes highlight volume strength, helping traders confirm trends.
Adjustable volume influence ensures adaptability to different markets.
Flexible Signal Visualization: Choose from various signal shapes (triangles, arrows, labels) and positions (above/below bars).
Customizable colors improve visibility on any chart background.
Alert Integration: Built-in alert conditions for crossovers and custom prices support sound, email, and app notifications.
Easy setup for real-time trading decisions.
User-Friendly Design: Organized input groups with clear tooltips make configuration intuitive.
Suitable for beginners and advanced traders alike.
Example Use Cases
Swing Trading with MA Crossovers:
Scenario: A trader wants to trade Bitcoin (BTC/USD) on a 4-hour chart using an EMA crossover strategy.
Setup:
Set Moving Average Type to EMA, Length to 20.
Set Moving Average Crossover to “MA vs SMA50”.
Enable Show Buy/Sell Signals and choose “arrowup” for buy, “arrowdown” for sell.
Select “Emerald Spark” for candlestick colors to highlight volume surges.
Usage: Buy when the EMA20 crosses above the SMA50 (green arrow appears) and volume is high (dark green candles). Sell when the EMA20 crosses below the SMA50 (red arrow). Set alerts for real-time notifications.
Scalping with Custom Price Alerts:
Scenario: A day trader monitors Tesla (TSLA) on a 5-minute chart and wants alerts at specific support/resistance levels.
Setup:
Set Custom Buy Alert Price to 150.00 (support) and Custom Sell Alert Price to 160.00 (resistance).
Use “labelup” for buy signals and “labeldown” for sell signals.
Keep Moving Average Crossover as “None” to focus on price alerts.
Usage: Receive a sound alert and label when TSLA crosses 150.00 (buy) or 160.00 (sell). Use volume-colored candles to confirm momentum before entering trades.
When NOT to Use Easy MA Signals
High-Frequency Trading: Reason: The indicator relies on moving averages and volume, which may lag in ultra-fast markets (e.g., sub-second trades). High-frequency traders may need specialized tools with real-time tick data.
Alternative: Use order book or market depth indicators for faster execution.
Low-Volatility or Sideways Markets:
Reason: MA crossovers and custom price alerts can generate false signals in choppy, range-bound markets, leading to whipsaws.
Alternative: Use oscillators like RSI or Bollinger Bands to trade within ranges.
This indicator is tailored more towards less experienced traders. And as always, paper trade until you are comfortable with how this works if you're unfamiliar with trading! We hope you enjoy this and have great success. Thanks for your interested in Easy MA Signals!
20/50 SMA Cross 200 SMAThis Pine Script code is designed to identify and visualize crossovers of two shorter-term Simple Moving Averages (SMAs), a 20-period SMA and a 50-period SMA, with a longer-term 200-period SMA on a price chart. It also includes alerts for these crossover events. Here's a breakdown:
**Purpose:**
The core idea behind this script is to detect potential trend changes. Crossovers of shorter-term moving averages over a longer-term moving average are often interpreted as bullish signals, while crossovers below are considered bearish.
**Key Components:**
1. **Moving Average Calculation:**
* `sma20 = ta.sma(close, 20)`: Calculates the 20-period SMA of the closing price.
* `sma50 = ta.sma(close, 50)`: Calculates the 50-period SMA of the closing price.
* `sma200 = ta.sma(close, 200)`: Calculates the 200-period SMA of the closing price.
2. **Crossover Detection:**
* `crossUp20 = ta.crossover(sma20, sma200)`: Returns `true` when the 20-period SMA crosses above the 200-period SMA.
* `crossDown20 = ta.crossunder(sma20, sma200)`: Returns `true` when the 20-period SMA crosses below the 200-period SMA.
* Similar logic applies for `crossUp50` and `crossDown50` with the 50-period SMA.
3. **Recent Crossover Tracking (Crucial Improvement):**
* `lookback = 7`: Defines a lookback period of 7 bars.
* `var bool hasCrossedUp20 = false`, etc.: Declares `var` (persistent) boolean variables to track if a crossover has occurred *within* the last 7 bars. This is the most important correction from previous versions.
* The logic using `ta.barssince()` is the key:
* If a crossover happens (`crossUp20` is true), the corresponding `hasCrossedUp20` is set to `true`.
* If no crossover happens on the current bar, it checks if a crossover happened within the last 7 bars using `ta.barssince(crossUp20) <= lookback`. If so, it keeps `hasCrossedUp20` as `true`. After 7 bars, it becomes `false`.
4. **Plotting Crossovers:**
* `plotshape(...)`: Plots circles on the chart to visually mark the crossovers.
* Green circles below the bars for bullish crossovers (20 and 50).
* Red circles above the bars for bearish crossovers (20 and 50).
* Different shades of green/red (green/lime, red/maroon) distinguish between 20 and 50 SMA crossovers.
5. **Plotting Moving Averages (Optional but Helpful):**
* `plot(sma20, color=color.blue, linewidth=1)`: Plots the 20-period SMA in blue.
* Similar logic for the 50-period SMA (orange) and 200-period SMA (gray).
6. **Alerts:**
* `alertcondition(...)`: Triggers alerts when crossovers occur. This is essential for real-time trading signals.
**How it Works (in Simple Terms):**
The script continuously calculates the 20, 50, and 200 SMAs. It then monitors for instances where the 20 or 50 SMA crosses the 200 SMA. When such a crossover happens, a colored circle is plotted on the chart, and an alert is triggered. The key improvement is that it remembers if a crossover occurred in the last 7 bars and continues to display the circle during that period.
**Use Case:**
Traders use this type of indicator to identify potential entry and exit points in the market. A bullish crossover (shorter SMA crossing above the longer SMA) might be a signal to buy, while a bearish crossover might be a signal to sell.
**Key Improvements over Previous Versions:**
* **Correct Lookback Implementation:** The use of `ta.barssince()` and `var` variables is the correct and efficient way to check for crossovers within a lookback period. This fixes the major flaw in earlier versions.
* **Clear Visualizations:** The use of `plotshape` with distinct colors makes it easy to distinguish between 20 and 50 SMA crossovers.
* **Alerts:** The inclusion of alerts makes the script much more practical for real-time trading.
This improved version provides a robust and useful tool for identifying and tracking SMA crossovers.
MA RSI MACD Signal SuiteThis Pine Script™ is designed for use in Trading View and generates trading signals based on moving average (MA) crossovers, RSI (Relative Strength Index) signals, and MACD (Moving Average Convergence Divergence) indicators. It provides visual markers on the chart and can be configured to suit various trading strategies.
1. Indicator Overview
The indicator includes signals for:
Moving Averages (MA): It tracks crossovers between different types of moving averages.
RSI: Signals based on RSI crossing certain levels or its signal line.
MACD: Buy and sell signals generated by MACD crossovers.
2. Inputs and Customization
Moving Averages (MAs):
You can customize up to 6 moving averages with different types, lengths, and colors.
MA Type: Choose from different types of moving averages:
SMA (Simple Moving Average)
EMA (Exponential Moving Average)
HMA (Hull Moving Average)
SMMA (RMA) (Smoothed Moving Average)
WMA (Weighted Moving Average)
VWMA (Volume Weighted Moving Average)
T3, DEMA, TEMA
Source: Select the price to base the MA on (e.g., close, open, high, low).
Length: Define the number of periods for each moving average.
Examples:
MA1: Exponential Moving Average (EMA) with a period of 9
MA2: Exponential Moving Average (EMA) with a period of 21
RSI Settings:
RSI is calculated based on a user-defined period and is used to identify potential overbought or oversold conditions.
RSI Length: Lookback period for RSI (default 14).
Overbought Level: Defines the overbought threshold for RSI (default 70).
Oversold Level: Defines the oversold threshold for RSI (default 30).
You can also adjust the smoothing for the RSI signal line and customize when to trigger buy and sell signals based on the RSI crossing these levels.
MACD Settings:
MACD is used for identifying changes in momentum and trends.
Fast Length: The period for the fast moving average (default 12).
Slow Length: The period for the slow moving average (default 26).
Signal Length: The period for the signal line (default 9).
Smoothing Method: Choose between SMA or EMA for both the MACD and the signal line.
3. Signal Logic
Moving Average (MA) Crossover Signals:
Crossover: A bullish signal is generated when a fast MA crosses above a slow MA.
Crossunder: A bearish signal is generated when a fast MA crosses below a slow MA.
The crossovers are plotted with distinct colors, and the chart will display markers for these crossover events.
RSI Signals:
Oversold Crossover: A bullish signal when RSI crosses over its signal line below the oversold level (30).
Overbought Crossunder: A bearish signal when RSI crosses under its signal line above the overbought level (70).
RSI signals are divided into:
Aggressive (Early) Entries: Signals when RSI is crossing the oversold/overbought levels.
Conservative Entries: Signals when RSI confirms a reversal after crossing these levels.
MACD Signals:
Buy Signal: Generated when the MACD line crosses above the signal line (bullish crossover).
Sell Signal: Generated when the MACD line crosses below the signal line (bearish crossunder).
Additionally, the MACD histogram is used to identify momentum shifts:
Rising to Falling Histogram: Alerts when the MACD histogram switches from rising to falling.
Falling to Rising Histogram: Alerts when the MACD histogram switches from falling to rising.
4. Visuals and Alerts
Plotting:
The script plots the following on the price chart:
Moving Averages (MA): The selected MAs are plotted as lines.
Buy/Sell Shapes: Triangular markers are displayed for buy and sell signals generated by RSI and MACD.
Crossover and Crossunder Markers: Crosses are shown when two MAs crossover or crossunder.
Alerts:
Alerts can be configured based on the following conditions:
RSI Signals: Alerts for oversold or overbought crossover and crossunder events.
MACD Signals: Alerts for MACD line crossovers or momentum shifts in the MACD histogram.
Alerts are triggered when specific conditions are met, such as:
RSI crosses over or under the oversold/overbought levels.
MACD crosses the signal line.
Changes in the MACD histogram.
5. Example Usage
1. Trend Reversal Setup:
Buy Signal: Use the RSI oversold crossover and MACD bullish crossover to identify potential entry points in a downtrend.
Sell Signal: Use the RSI overbought crossunder and MACD bearish crossunder to identify potential exit points or short entries in an uptrend.
2. Momentum Strategy:
Combine MACD and RSI signals to identify the strength of a trend. Use MACD histogram analysis and RSI levels for confirmation.
3. Moving Average Crossover Strategy:
Focus on specific MA crossovers, such as the 9-period EMA crossing above the 21-period EMA, for buy signals. When a longer-term MA (e.g., 50-period) crosses a shorter-term MA, it may indicate a strong trend change.
6. Alerts Conditions
The script includes several alert conditions, which can be triggered and customized based on the user’s preferences:
RSI Oversold Crossover: Alerts when RSI crosses over the signal line below the oversold level (30).
RSI Overbought Crossunder: Alerts when RSI crosses under the signal line above the overbought level (70).
MACD Buy/Sell Crossover: Alerts when the MACD line crosses the signal line for a buy or sell signal.
7. Conclusion
This script is highly customizable and can be adjusted to suit different trading strategies. By combining MAs, RSI, and MACD, traders can gain multiple perspectives on the market, enhancing their ability to identify potential buy and sell opportunities.
Alxuse MACD for tutorialAll abilities of MACD, moreover :
Drawing upper band and lower band & the ability to change values, change colors, turn on/off show.
Crossing MACD line and SIGNAL line in multi timeframe & there are symbols (Circles) with green color (Buy) and red color (Sell) & the ability to change colors, turn on/off show.
Crossing MACD line and SIGNAL line in multi timeframe according to the values of upper band and lower band & there are symbols (Triangles) with green color (Long) and red color (Short) & the ability to change colors, turn on/off show.
The ability used in the alert section and create customized alerts.
To receive valid alerts the replay section , the timeframe of the chart must be the same as the timeframe of the indicator.
MACD (Moving Average Convergence/Divergence)
Definition
MACD is an extremely popular indicator used in technical analysis. MACD can be used to identify aspects of a security's overall trend. Most notably these aspects are momentum, as well as trend direction and duration. What makes MACD so informative is that it is actually the combination of two different types of indicators. First, MACD employs two Moving Averages of varying lengths (which are lagging indicators) to identify trend direction and duration. Then, MACD takes the difference in values between those two Moving Averages (MACD Line) and an EMA of those Moving Averages (Signal Line) and plots that difference between the two lines as a histogram which oscillates above and below a center Zero Line. The histogram is used as a good indication of a security's momentum.
MACD Line is a result of taking a longer term EMA and subtracting it from a shorter term EMA.The most commonly used values are 26 days for the longer term EMA and 12 days for the shorter term EMA, but it is the trader's choice.
The Signal Line.
The Signal Line is an EMA of the MACD Line described in Component 1. The trader can choose what period length EMA to use for the Signal Line however 9 is the most common.
The MACD Histogram.
As time advances, the difference between the MACD Line and Signal Line will continually differ. The MACD histogram takes that difference and plots it into an easily readable histogram. The difference between the two lines oscillates around a Zero Line.
A general interpretation of MACD is that when MACD is positive and the histogram value is increasing, then upside momentum is increasing. When MACD is negative and the histogram value is decreasing, then downside momentum is increasing.
What to look for
The MACD indicator is typically good for identifying three types of basic signals; Signal Line Crossovers, Zero Line Crossovers, and Divergence.
SIGNAL LINE CROSSOVERS
A Signal Line Crossover is the most common signal produced by the MACD. First one must consider that the Signal Line is essentially an indicator of an indicator. The Signal Line is calculating the Moving Average of the MACD Line. Therefore the Signal Line lags behind the MACD line. That being said, on the occasions where the MACD Line crosses above or below the Signal Line, that can signify a potentially strong move.
The strength of the move is what determines the duration of Signal Line Crossover. Understanding and being able to analyze move strength, as well as being able to recognize false signals, is a skill that comes with experience.
The first type of Signal Line Crossover to examine is the Bullish Signal Line Crossover. Bullish Signal Line Crossovers occur when the MACD Line crosses above the Signal Line.
The second type of Signal Line Crossover to examine is the Bearish Signal Line Crossover. Bearish Signal Line Crossovers occur when the MACD Line crosses below the Signal Line.
Zero line crossovers
Zero Line Crossovers have a very similar premise to Signal Line Crossovers. Instead of crossing the Signal Line, Zero Line Crossovers occur when the MACD Line crossed the Zero Line and either becomes positive (above 0) or negative (below 0).
The first type of Zero Line Crossover to examine is the Bullish Zero Line Crossover. Bullish Zero Line Crossovers occur when the MACD Line crosses above the Zero Line and go from negative to positive.
The second type of Zero Line Crossover to examine is the Bearish Zero Line Crossover. Bearish Zero Line Crossovers occur when the MACD Line crosses below the Zero Line and go from positive to negative.
Divergence
Divergence is another signal created by the MACD. Simply put, divergence is when the MACD and actual price are not in agreement.
For example, Bullish Divergence occurs when price records a lower low, but the MACD records a higher low. The movement of price can provide evidence of the current trend, however changes in momentum as evidenced by the MACD can sometimes precede a significant reversal.
Bearish Divergence is, of course, the opposite. Bearish Divergence occurs when price records a higher high while the MACD records a lower high.
Summary
What makes the MACD such a valuable tool for technical analysis is that it is almost like two indicators in one. It can help to identify not just trends, but it can measure momentum as well. It takes two separate lagging indicators and adds the aspect of momentum which is much more active or predictive That kind of versatility is why it has been and is used by trader's and analysts across the entire spectrum of finance.
Despite MACD's obvious attributes, just like with any indicator, the trader or analyst needs to exercise caution. There are just some things that MACD doesn't do well which may tempt a trader regardless. Most notably, traders may be tempted into using MACD as a way to find overbought or oversold conditions. This is not a good idea. Remember, MACD is not bound to a range, so what is considered to be highly positive or negative for one instrument may not translate well to a different instrument.
With sufficient time and experience, almost anybody who wants to analyze chart data should be able to make good use out of the MACD.
The added features to the indicator are made for training, it is advisable to use it with caution in tradings.
Reverse Cutlers Relative Strength Index On ChartIntroduction
The Reverse Cutlers Relative Strength Index (RCRSI) OC is an indicator which tells the user what price is required to give a particular Cutlers Relative Strength Index ( RSI ) value, or cross its Moving Average (MA) signal line.
Overview
Background & Credits:
The relative strength index ( RSI ) is a momentum indicator used in technical analysis that was originally developed by J. Welles Wilder Jr. and introduced in his seminal 1978 book, “New Concepts in Technical Trading Systems.”.
Cutler created a variation of the RSI known as “Cutlers RSI” using a different formulation to avoid an inherent accuracy problem which arises when using Wilders method of smoothing.
Further developments in the use, and more nuanced interpretations of the RSI have been developed by Cardwell, and also by well-known chartered market technician, Constance Brown C.M.T., in her acclaimed book "Technical Analysis for the Trading Professional” 1999 where she described the idea of bull and bear market ranges for RSI , and while she did not actually reveal the formulas, she introduced the concept of “reverse engineering” the RSI to give price level outputs.
Renowned financial software developer, co-author of academic books on finance, and scientific fellow to the Department of Finance and Insurance at the Technological Educational Institute of Crete, Giorgos Siligardos PHD . brought a new perspective to Wilder’s RSI when he published his excellent and well-received articles "Reverse Engineering RSI " and "Reverse Engineering RSI II " in the June 2003, and August 2003 issues of Stocks & Commodities magazine, where he described his methods of reverse engineering Wilders RSI .
Several excellent Implementations of the Reverse Wilders Relative Strength Index have been published here on Tradingview and elsewhere.
My utmost respect, and all due credits to authors of related prior works.
Introduction
It is worth noting that while the general RSI formula, and the logic dictating the UpMove and DownMove data series has remained the same as the Wilders original formulation, it has been interpreted in a different way by using a different method of averaging the upward, and downward moves.
Cutler recognized the issue of data length dependency when using wilders smoothing method of calculating RSI which means that wilders standard RSI will have a potential initialization error which reduces with every new data point calculated meaning early results should be regarded as unreliable until enough calculation iterations have occurred for convergence.
Hence Cutler proposed using Simple Moving Averaging for gain and loss data which this Indicator is based on.
Having "Reverse engineered" prices for any oscillator makes the planning, and execution of strategies around that oscillator far simpler, more timely and effective.
Introducing the Reverse Cutlers RSI which consists of plotted lines on a scale of 0 to 100, and an optional infobox.
The RSI scale is divided into zones:
• Scale high (100)
• Bull critical zone (80 - 100)
• Bull control zone (62 - 80)
• Scale midline (50)
• Bear control zone (20 - 38)
• Bear critical zone (0 - 20)
• Scale low (0)
The RSI plots which graphically display output closing price levels where Cutlers RSI value will crossover:
• RSI (eq) (previous RSI value)
• RSI MA signal line
• RSI Test price
• Alert level high
• Alert level low
The info box displays output closing price levels where Cutlers RSI value will crossover:
• Its previous value. ( RSI )
• Bull critical zone.
• Bull control zone.
• Mid-Line.
• Bear control zone.
• Bear critical zone.
• RSI MA signal line
• Alert level High
• Alert level low
And also displays the resultant RSI for a user defined closing price:
• Test price RSI
The infobox outputs can be shown for the current bar close, or the next bar close.
The user can easily select which information they want in the infobox from the setttings
Importantly:
All info box price levels for the current bar are calculated immediately upon the current bar closing and a new bar opening, they will not change until the current bar closes.
All info box price levels for the next bar are projections which are continually recalculated as the current price changes, and therefore fluctuate as the current price changes.
Understanding the Relative Strength Index
At its simplest the RSI is a measure of how quickly traders are bidding the price of an asset up or down.
It does this by calculating the difference in magnitude of price gains and losses over a specific lookback period to evaluate market conditions.
The RSI is displayed as an oscillator (a line graph that can move between two extremes) and outputs a value limited between 0 and 100.
It is typically accompanied by a moving average signal line.
Traditional interpretations
Overbought and oversold:
An RSI value of 70 or above indicates that an asset is becoming overbought (overvalued condition), and may be may be ready for a trend reversal or corrective pullback in price.
An RSI value of 30 or below indicates that an asset is becoming oversold (undervalued condition), and may be may be primed for a trend reversal or corrective pullback in price.
Midline Crossovers:
When the RSI crosses above its midline ( RSI > 50%) a bullish bias signal is generated. (only take long trades)
When the RSI crosses below its midline ( RSI < 50%) a bearish bias signal is generated. (only take short trades)
Bullish and bearish moving average signal Line crossovers:
When the RSI line crosses above its signal line, a bullish buy signal is generated
When the RSI line crosses below its signal line, a bearish sell signal is generated.
Swing Failures and classic rejection patterns:
If the RSI makes a lower high, and then follows with a downside move below the previous low, a Top Swing Failure has occurred.
If the RSI makes a higher low, and then follows with an upside move above the previous high, a Bottom Swing Failure has occurred.
Examples of classic swing rejection patterns
Bullish swing rejection pattern:
The RSI moves into oversold zone (below 30%).
The RSI rejects back out of the oversold zone (above 30%)
The RSI forms another dip without crossing back into oversold zone.
The RSI then continues the bounce to break up above the previous high.
Bearish swing rejection pattern:
The RSI moves into overbought zone (above 70%).
The RSI rejects back out of the overbought zone (below 70%)
The RSI forms another peak without crossing back into overbought zone.
The RSI then continues to break down below the previous low.
Divergences:
A regular bullish RSI divergence is when the price makes lower lows in a downtrend and the RSI indicator makes higher lows.
A regular bearish RSI divergence is when the price makes higher highs in an uptrend and the RSI indicator makes lower highs.
A hidden bullish RSI divergence is when the price makes higher lows in an uptrend and the RSI indicator makes lower lows.
A hidden bearish RSI divergence is when the price makes lower highs in a downtrend and the RSI indicator makes higher highs.
Regular divergences can signal a reversal of the trending direction.
Hidden divergences can signal a continuation in the direction of the trend.
Chart Patterns:
RSI regularly forms classic chart patterns that may not show on the underlying price chart, such as ascending and descending triangles & wedges , double tops, bottoms and trend lines etc.
Support and Resistance:
It is very often easier to define support or resistance levels on the RSI itself rather than the price chart.
Modern interpretations in trending markets:
Modern interpretations of the RSI stress the context of the greater trend when using RSI signals such as crossovers, overbought/oversold conditions, divergences and patterns.
Constance Brown, CMT , was one of the first who promoted the idea that an oversold reading on the RSI in an uptrend is likely much higher than 30%, and that an overbought reading on the RSI during a downtrend is much lower than the 70% level.
In an uptrend or bull market, the RSI tends to remain in the 40 to 90 range, with the 40-50 zone acting as support.
During a downtrend or bear market, the RSI tends to stay between the 10 to 60 range, with the 50-60 zone acting as resistance.
For ease of executing more modern and nuanced interpretations of RSI it is very useful to break the RSI scale into bull and bear control and critical zones.
These ranges will vary depending on the RSI settings and the strength of the specific market’s underlying trend.
Limitations of the RSI
Like most technical indicators, its signals are most reliable when they conform to the long-term trend.
True trend reversal signals are rare, and can be difficult to separate from false signals.
False signals or “fake-outs”, e.g. a bullish crossover, followed by a sudden decline in price, are common.
Since the indicator displays momentum, it can stay overbought or oversold for a long time when an asset has significant sustained momentum in either direction.
Data Length Dependency when using wilders smoothing method of calculating RSI means that wilders standard RSI will have a potential initialization error which reduces with every new data point calculated meaning early results should be regarded as unreliable until calculation iterations have occurred for convergence.
Cumulative Force Oscillator with MACDCumulative Force Oscillator with MACD
The Cumulative Force Oscillator with MACD is an advanced technical indicator designed to provide traders with a unique perspective on market momentum and trend strength. By combining the power of cumulative candle force analysis with MACD crossover signals, this indicator offers a multifaceted approach to market analysis.
Key Features
1. Cumulative Force Calculation**: Measures the net force of price movements over a specified number of candles.
2. MACD Integration**: Incorporates MACD crossover signals for additional trend confirmation.
3. Visual Cues**: Utilizes color-coded oscillator lines and background zones for easy interpretation.
4. **Dynamic Labeling**: Displays real-time force values and percentage changes.
How It Works
Cumulative Force Calculation
The indicator calculates the "force" of each candle by subtracting the open price from the close price. It then sums this force over a user-defined number of candles to create a cumulative force value. This value oscillates above and below zero, indicating bullish or bearish pressure respectively.
MACD Crossover Detection
The indicator uses the standard MACD (12, 26, 9) to detect bullish and bearish crossovers. These crossovers are visually represented by colored background zones, providing an additional layer of trend confirmation.
Visual Representation
- The main oscillator line is plotted in green when above zero (bullish) and red when below zero (bearish).
- Background colors change based on MACD crossovers: light blue for bullish crossovers and light orange for bearish crossovers.
- A dynamic label displays the current cumulative force value and its percentage change from the previous period.
Interpretation
1. Oscillator Line : When the line is above zero, it indicates net bullish pressure; below zero suggests net bearish pressure.
2. Oscillator Momentum : The steepness and direction of the oscillator line indicate the strength and direction of the current market force.
3. MACD Crossovers : Blue background zones suggest potential bullish trends, while orange zones indicate potential bearish trends.
4. Divergences : Look for divergences between the oscillator and price action for potential trend reversal signals.
Customization
Users can customize several aspects of the indicator :
- Number of candles for force calculation
- Label offset and text size
- Color schemes (through code modification)
Conclusion
The Cumulative Force Oscillator with MACD is a versatile tool that combines momentum analysis with trend confirmation signals. By providing a visual representation of cumulative market force alongside MACD crossovers, it offers traders a comprehensive view of market dynamics. This indicator can be particularly useful for identifying potential trend reversals, confirming existing trends, and gauging overall market strength.
Median Convergence DivergenceIntroduction
The Median Convergence Divergence (MCD) is a derivative of the Moving Average Convergence Divergence (MACD). The difference is the change in the use of the measure of central tendency. In MACD, moving average (mean) is used, whereas, in MCD, the median is used instead. The purpose of using the median is to eliminate the outlying values, which would be calculated for a moving average. The outliers would affect the value of the moving average.
For example: 3, 5, 7, 8, 5, 4, 2, 1, 6, 21, 8. The data set average is 6.3, whereas the median value is 5. There is a difference of about 23% in the example. The reason is the outlying value '21' in the data set.
As the markets are volatile, outlying values can always emerge. A moving average will consider those values; on the other hand, the median will ignore. If the strategy calls for a tool to ignore the outliers, the Median Convergence Divergence would be a great centered oscillator.
The default values have changed to suit the current trading days in a week. When the MACD was introduced, there would be six trading days in a week. Therefore, it used 12 (2 weeks), 26(4 weeks), and 9 ( 1.5 weeks). But now that there are five trading days per week. The default values are adapted to them. Feel free to change them as per your wish.
Recommended Settings
The current settings are set to be used for the Daily Time Frame: 5 day period for the fast line, a 20 day period for the slow line, and a 10 day period for the signal line. (5 days represent a trading week, 10 days is two weeks, and 20 days is 4 weeks or a month)
For the weekly charts, use 4 week period for the fast line, 13 week period for the slow line, and 8 week period for the signal line. (4 weeks represent a month, 8 weeks is two months, and 13 weeks is 3 months or quarterly)
And for monthly charts, use 3 month period for the fast line, 12 month period for the slow line, and 6 month period for the signal line. (3 months is quarterly, 6 months is bi-yearly, and 12 month is yearly)
It'll be challenging to measure for intraday since there are many different timeframes within intraday. The settings mentioned above should also be customized as per the requirements of the trading strategy.
Strategy
The strategy application is the same as the MACD, i.e., Signal Line Crossovers, Zero Line Crossovers, and Divergence.
Signal Line Crossovers: When the MCD line crosses above the Signal line, it's a bullish crossover. When the MCD line crosses below the Signal line, it's a bearish crossover.
Zero Line Crossovers: It's a bullish crossover when the MCD line crosses above the Zero line. When the MCD line crosses below the Zero Line, it's a bearish crossover.
Divergence: When price shows a lower low, but MCD shows a higher low, it's a bullish divergence. When the price shows a higher high but MCD shows a lower high, it's a bearish divergence.
Using other indicators in conjunction with the Median Convergence Divergence is recommended to take entry and exit signals.
EMA-Based Squeeze Dynamics (Gap Momentum & EWMA Projection)EMA-Based Squeeze Dynamics (Gap Momentum & EWMA Projection)
🚨 Main Utility: Early Squeeze Warning
The primary function of this indicator is to warn traders early when the market is approaching a "squeeze"—a tightening condition that often precedes significant moves or regime shifts. By visually highlighting areas of increasing tension, it helps traders anticipate potential volatility and prepare accordingly. This is intended to be a statistically and psychologically grounded replacement of so-called "fib-time-zones," which are overly-deterministic and subjective.
📌 Overview
The EMA-Based Squeeze Dynamics indicator projects future regime shifts (such as golden and death crosses) using exponential moving averages (EMAs). It employs historical interval data and current market conditions to dynamically forecast when the critical EMAs (50-period and 200-period) will reconverge, marking likely trend-change points.
This indicator leverages two core ideas:
Behavioral finance theory: Traders often collectively anticipate popular EMA crossovers, creating a self-fulfilling prophecy (normative social influence), similar to findings from Solomon Asch’s conformity experiments.
Bayesian-like updates: It utilizes historical crossover intervals as a prior, dynamically updating expectations based on evolving market data, ensuring its signals remain objectively grounded in actual market behavior.
⚙️ Technical & Mathematical Explanation
1. EMA Calculations and Regime Definitions
The indicator uses three EMAs:
Fast (9-period): Represents short-term price movement.
Medial (50-period): Indicates medium-term trend direction.
Slow (200-period): Defines long-term market sentiment.
Regime States:
Bullish: 50 EMA is above the 200 EMA.
Bearish: 50 EMA is below the 200 EMA.
A shift between these states triggers visual markers (arrows and labels) directly on the chart.
2. Gap Dynamics and Historical Intervals
At each crossover:
The indicator records the gap (distance) between the 50 and 200 EMAs.
It tracks the historical intervals between past crossovers.
An Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (EWMA) of these intervals is calculated, weighting recent intervals more heavily, dynamically updating expectations.
Important note:
After every regime shift, the projected crossover line resets its calculation. This reset is visually evident as the projection line appears to move further away after each regime change, temporarily "repelled" until the EMAs begin converging again. This ensures projections remain realistic, grounded in actual EMA convergence, and prevents overly optimistic forecasts immediately after a regime shift.
3. Gap Momentum & Adaptive Scaling
The indicator measures how quickly or slowly the gap between EMAs is changing ("gap momentum") and adjusts its forecast accordingly:
If the gap narrows rapidly, a crossover becomes more imminent.
If the gap widens, the next crossover is pushed further into the future.
The "gap factor" dynamically scales the projection based on recent gap momentum, bounded between reasonable limits (0.7–1.3).
4. Squeeze Ratio & Background Color (Visual Cues)
A "squeeze ratio" is computed when market conditions indicate tightening:
In a bullish regime, if the fast EMA is below the medial EMA (price pulling back towards long-term support), the squeeze ratio increases.
In a bearish regime, if the fast EMA rises above the medial EMA (price rallying into long-term resistance), the squeeze ratio increases.
What the Background Colors Mean:
Red Background: Indicates a bullish squeeze—price is compressing downward, hinting a bullish reversal or continuation breakout may occur soon.
Green Background: Indicates a bearish squeeze—price is compressing upward, suggesting a bearish reversal or continuation breakout could soon follow.
Opacity Explanation:
The transparency (opacity) of the background indicates the intensity of the squeeze:
High Opacity (solid color): Strong squeeze, high likelihood of imminent volatility or regime shift.
Low Opacity (faint color): Mild squeeze, signaling early stages of tightening.
Thus, more vivid colors serve as urgent visual warnings that a squeeze is rapidly intensifying.
5. Projected Next Crossover and Pseudo Crossover Mechanism
The indicator calculates an estimated future bar when a crossover (and thus, regime shift) is expected to occur. This calculation incorporates:
Historical EWMA interval.
Current squeeze intensity.
Gap momentum.
A dynamic penalty based on divergence from baseline conditions.
The "Pseudo Crossover" Explained:
A key adaptive feature is the pseudo crossover mechanism. If price action significantly deviates from the projected crossover (for example, if price stays beyond the projected line longer than expected), the indicator acknowledges the projection was incorrect and triggers a "pseudo crossover" event. Essentially, this acts as a reset, updating historical intervals with a weighted adjustment to recalibrate future predictions. In other words, if the indicator’s initial forecast proves inaccurate, it recognizes this quickly, resets itself, and tries again—ensuring it remains responsive and adaptive to actual market conditions.
🧠 Behavioral Theory: Normative Social Influence
This indicator is rooted in behavioral finance theory, specifically leveraging normative social influence (conformity). Traders commonly watch EMA signals (especially the 50 and 200 EMA crossovers). When traders collectively anticipate these signals, they begin trading ahead of actual crossovers, effectively creating self-fulfilling prophecies—similar to Solomon Asch’s famous conformity experiments, where individuals adopted group behaviors even against direct evidence.
This behavior means genuine regime shifts (actual EMA crossovers) rarely occur until EMAs visibly reconverge due to widespread anticipatory trading activity. The indicator quantifies these dynamics by objectively measuring EMA convergence and updating projections accordingly.
📊 How to Use This Indicator
Monitor the background color and opacity as primary visual cues.
A strongly colored background (solid red/green) is an early alert that a squeeze is intensifying—prepare for potential volatility or a regime shift.
Projected crossover lines give a dynamic target bar to watch for trend reversals or confirmations.
After each regime shift, expect a reset of the projection line. The line may seem initially repelled from price action, but it will recalibrate as EMAs converge again.
Trust the pseudo crossover mechanism to automatically recalibrate the indicator if its original projection misses.
🎯 Why Choose This Indicator?
Early Warning: Visual squeeze intensity helps anticipate market breakouts.
Behaviorally Grounded: Leverages real trader psychology (conformity and anticipation).
Objective & Adaptive: Uses real-time, data-driven updates rather than static levels or subjective analysis.
Easy to Interpret: Clear visual signals (arrows, labels, colors) simplify trading decisions.
Self-correcting (Pseudo Crossovers): Quickly adjusts when initial predictions miss, maintaining accuracy over time.
Summary:
The EMA-Based Squeeze Dynamics Indicator combines behavioral insights, dynamic Bayesian-like updates, intuitive visual cues, and a self-correcting pseudo crossover feature to offer traders a reliable early warning system for market squeezes and impending regime shifts. It transparently recalibrates after each regime shift and automatically resets whenever projections prove inaccurate—ensuring you always have an adaptive, realistic forecast.
Whether you're a discretionary trader or algorithmic strategist, this indicator provides a powerful tool to navigate market volatility effectively.
Happy Trading! 📈✨
Reverse Cutlers Relative Strength IndexIntroduction
The Reverse Cutlers Relative Strength Index (RCRSI) is an indicator which tells the user what price is required to give a particular Cutlers Relative Strength Index (RSI) value, or cross its Moving Average (MA) signal line.
Overview
Background & Credits:
The relative strength index (RSI) is a momentum indicator used in technical analysis that was originally developed by J. Welles Wilder Jr. and introduced in his seminal 1978 book, “New Concepts in Technical Trading Systems.”.
Cutler created a variation of the RSI known as “Cutlers RSI” using a different formulation to avoid an inherent accuracy problem which arises when using Wilders method of smoothing.
Further developments in the use, and more nuanced interpretations of the RSI have been developed by Cardwell, and also by well-known chartered market technician, Constance Brown C.M.T., in her acclaimed book "Technical Analysis for the Trading Professional” 1999 where she described the idea of bull and bear market ranges for RSI, and while she did not actually reveal the formulas, she introduced the concept of “reverse engineering” the RSI to give price level outputs.
Renowned financial software developer, co-author of academic books on finance, and scientific fellow to the Department of Finance and Insurance at the Technological Educational Institute of Crete, Giorgos Siligardos PHD. brought a new perspective to Wilder’s RSI when he published his excellent and well-received articles "Reverse Engineering RSI " and "Reverse Engineering RSI II " in the June 2003, and August 2003 issues of Stocks & Commodities magazine, where he described his methods of reverse engineering Wilders RSI.
Several excellent Implementations of the Reverse Wilders Relative Strength Index have been published here on Tradingview and elsewhere.
My utmost respect, and all due credits to authors of related prior works.
Introduction
It is worth noting that while the general RSI formula, and the logic dictating the UpMove and DownMove data series as described above has remained the same as the Wilders original formulation, it has been interpreted in a different way by using a different method of averaging the upward, and downward moves.
Cutler recognized the issue of data length dependency when using wilders smoothing method of calculating RSI which means that wilders standard RSI will have a potential initialization error which reduces with every new data point calculated meaning early results should be regarded as unreliable until enough calculation iterations have occurred for convergence.
Hence Cutler proposed using Simple Moving Averaging for gain and loss data which this Indicator is based on.
Having "Reverse engineered" prices for any oscillator makes the planning, and execution of strategies around that oscillator far simpler, more timely and effective.
Introducing the Reverse Cutlers RSI which consists of plotted lines on a scale of 0 to 100, and an optional infobox.
The RSI scale is divided into zones:
• Scale high (100)
• Bull critical zone (80 - 100)
• Bull control zone (62 - 80)
• Scale midline (50)
• Bear critical zone (20 - 38)
• Bear control zone (0 - 20)
• Scale low (0)
The RSI plots are:
• Cutlers RSI
• RSI MA signal line
• Test price RSI
• Alert level high
• Alert level low
The info box displays output closing price levels where Cutlers RSI value will crossover:
• Its previous value. (RSI )
• Bull critical zone.
• Bull control zone.
• Mid-Line.
• Bear control zone.
• Bear critical zone.
• RSI MA signal line
• Alert level High
• Alert level low
And also displays the resultant RSI for a user defined closing price:
• Test price RSI
The infobox outputs can be shown for the current bar close, or the next bar close.
The user can easily select which information they want in the infobox from the setttings
Importantly:
All info box price levels for the current bar are calculated immediately upon the current bar closing and a new bar opening, they will not change until the current bar closes.
All info box price levels for the next bar are projections which are continually recalculated as the current price changes, and therefore fluctuate as the current price changes.
Understanding the Relative Strength Index
At its simplest the RSI is a measure of how quickly traders are bidding the price of an asset up or down.
It does this by calculating the difference in magnitude of price gains and losses over a specific lookback period to evaluate market conditions.
The RSI is displayed as an oscillator (a line graph that can move between two extremes) and outputs a value limited between 0 and 100.
It is typically accompanied by a moving average signal line.
Traditional interpretations
Overbought and oversold:
An RSI value of 70 or above indicates that an asset is becoming overbought (overvalued condition), and may be may be ready for a trend reversal or corrective pullback in price.
An RSI value of 30 or below indicates that an asset is becoming oversold (undervalued condition), and may be may be primed for a trend reversal or corrective pullback in price.
Midline Crossovers:
When the RSI crosses above its midline (RSI > 50%) a bullish bias signal is generated. (only take long trades)
When the RSI crosses below its midline (RSI < 50%) a bearish bias signal is generated. (only take short trades)
Bullish and bearish moving average signal Line crossovers:
When the RSI line crosses above its signal line, a bullish buy signal is generated
When the RSI line crosses below its signal line, a bearish sell signal is generated.
Swing Failures and classic rejection patterns:
If the RSI makes a lower high, and then follows with a downside move below the previous low, a Top Swing Failure has occurred.
If the RSI makes a higher low, and then follows with an upside move above the previous high, a Bottom Swing Failure has occurred.
Examples of classic swing rejection patterns
Bullish swing rejection pattern:
The RSI moves into oversold zone (below 30%).
The RSI rejects back out of the oversold zone (above 30%)
The RSI forms another dip without crossing back into oversold zone.
The RSI then continues the bounce to break up above the previous high.
Bearish swing rejection pattern:
The RSI moves into overbought zone (above 70%).
The RSI rejects back out of the overbought zone (below 70%)
The RSI forms another peak without crossing back into overbought zone.
The RSI then continues to break down below the previous low.
Divergences:
A regular bullish RSI divergence is when the price makes lower lows in a downtrend and the RSI indicator makes higher lows.
A regular bearish RSI divergence is when the price makes higher highs in an uptrend and the RSI indicator makes lower highs.
A hidden bullish RSI divergence is when the price makes higher lows in an uptrend and the RSI indicator makes lower lows.
A hidden bearish RSI divergence is when the price makes lower highs in a downtrend and the RSI indicator makes higher highs.
Regular divergences can signal a reversal of the trending direction.
Hidden divergences can signal a continuation in the direction of the trend.
Chart Patterns:
RSI regularly forms classic chart patterns that may not show on the underlying price chart, such as ascending and descending triangles & wedges, double tops, bottoms and trend lines etc.
Support and Resistance:
It is very often easier to define support or resistance levels on the RSI itself rather than the price chart.
Modern interpretations in trending markets:
Modern interpretations of the RSI stress the context of the greater trend when using RSI signals such as crossovers, overbought/oversold conditions, divergences and patterns.
Constance Brown, CMT, was one of the first who promoted the idea that an oversold reading on the RSI in an uptrend is likely much higher than 30%, and that an overbought reading on the RSI during a downtrend is much lower than the 70% level.
In an uptrend or bull market, the RSI tends to remain in the 40 to 90 range, with the 40-50 zone acting as support.
During a downtrend or bear market, the RSI tends to stay between the 10 to 60 range, with the 50-60 zone acting as resistance.
For ease of executing more modern and nuanced interpretations of RSI it is very useful to break the RSI scale into bull and bear control and critical zones.
These ranges will vary depending on the RSI settings and the strength of the specific market’s underlying trend.
Limitations of the RSI
Like most technical indicators, its signals are most reliable when they conform to the long-term trend.
True trend reversal signals are rare, and can be difficult to separate from false signals.
False signals or “fake-outs”, e.g. a bullish crossover, followed by a sudden decline in price, are common.
Since the indicator displays momentum, it can stay overbought or oversold for a long time when an asset has significant sustained momentum in either direction.
Data Length Dependency when using wilders smoothing method of calculating RSI means that wilders standard RSI will have a potential initialization error which reduces with every new data point calculated meaning early results should be regarded as unreliable until calculation iterations have occurred for convergence.
