Bitcoin Limited Growth ModelThe Bitcoin Limeted Growth is a model proposed by QuantMario that offers an alternative approach to estimating Bitcoin's price based on the Stock-to-Flow (S2F) ratio. This model takes into account the limitations of the traditional S2F model and introduces refinements to enhance its analysis.
The S2F model is commonly used to analyze Bitcoin's price by considering the scarcity of the asset, measured by the stock (existing supply) relative to the flow (new supply). However, the LGS-S2F Bitcoin Price Formula recognizes the need for improvements and presents an updated perspective on Bitcoin's price dynamics.
Invalidation of the Normal S2F Model:
The normal S2F model has faced criticisms and challenges. One of the limitations is its assumption of a linear relationship between the S2F ratio and Bitcoin's price, overlooking potential nonlinearities and other market dynamics. Additionally, the normal S2F model does not account for external influences, such as market sentiment, regulatory developments, and technological advancements, which can significantly impact Bitcoin's price.
Addressing the Issues:
The LGS-S2F Bitcoin Price Formula introduces refinements to address the limitations of the traditional S2F model. These refinements aim to provide a more comprehensive analysis of Bitcoin's price dynamics:
Nonlinearity: The LGS-S2F model recognizes that the relationship between the S2F ratio and Bitcoin's price may not be linear. It incorporates a logistic growth function that considers the diminishing returns of scarcity and the saturation of market demand.
Data Analysis: The LGS-S2F model employs statistical analysis and data-driven techniques to validate its predictions. It leverages historical data and econometric modeling to support its analysis of Bitcoin's price.
Utility:
The LGS-S2F Bitcoin Price Formula offers insights for traders and investors in the cryptocurrency market. By incorporating a more refined approach to analyzing Bitcoin's price, this model provides an alternative perspective. It allows market participants to consider various factors beyond the S2F ratio alone, potentially aiding in their decision-making processes.
Key Features:
Adjustable Coefficients
Sigma calculation methods: Normal or Stdev
Credit:
The LGS-S2F Bitcoin Price Formula was developed by QuantMario, who has contributed to the field of cryptocurrency analysis through their research and modeling efforts.
在脚本中搜索"demand"
Swing Volume Profiles [LuxAlgo]The Swing Volume Profiles indicator aims to calculate and highlight trading activity at specific price levels between two swing points; allowing traders to reveal dominant and/or significant price levels based on volume.
By measuring traded volume at all price levels in the market over a specified time period, the script can also be used to detect some key analysis generally such as supply & demand, buy-side & sell-side liquidity levels, unfilled liquidity voids, and imbalances that can highlight on the chart.
🔶 USAGE
A volume profile is an advanced charting tool that displays the traded volume at different price levels over a specific period. It helps you visualize where the majority of trading activity has occurred.
Key Levels are the areas where the volume is concentrated or where there are significant volume spikes. These levels are known as key support and resistance levels. High-volume nodes indicate areas of high activity and are likely to act as support or resistance in the future.
Volume profile also helps identify value areas, which represent the price levels where the most trading activity has taken place. These levels can act as areas of support or resistance as traders perceive them as fair value.
The Point of Control describes the price level where the most volume was traded. A Naked Point of Control (also called a Virgin Point of Control) is a previous POC that has not been traded. Extending PoC options 'Until Bar Cross' or 'Until Bar Touch' helps in identifying Naked Point of Control Lines.
Previous PoC levels can serve as support and resistance for future price movements. Extending PoC Level 'Until Last Bar' option will help to identify such levels.
🔶 DETAILS
One of the unique features of the script is its ability to detect some other key levels such as levels of acceptance and rejection.
Levels of rejection we may summarize as supply and demand levels, these are also referred to as buy-side and sell-side liquidity levels. They usually occur at extreme highs or lows, where prices may be too high for buyers (high supply, low demand) or too low for sellers (low supply, high demand)
Levels of acceptance are the levels where Liquidity Voids occur, these are also referred to imbalances. Liquidity voids are sudden changes in price when the price jumps from one level to another. The peculiar thing about liquidity voids is that they almost always fill up, so we call them levels of acceptance.
🔶 ALERTS
When an alert is configured, the user will have the ability to be notified in case:
Point Of Control Line is touched/crossed
Value Area High Line is touched/crossed
Value Area Low Line is touched/crossed
🔶 SETTINGS
🔹 Display Options
Mode: Controls the lookback length of detection and visualization, where Present assumes last X bars specifid in '# Bars' option and Historical assumes all data available to the user as well as allowed limits of visiual objects (boxs, lines, labels etc)
# Bars: Controls the lookback length.
🔹 Swing Volume Profiles
The script takes into account user-defined parameters and plots volume profiles. Due to Pine Script™ drwaing objects limit only total volume profiles are presented.
Swing Detection Length: Lookback period
Swing Volume Profiles: Toggles the visibility of the Volume Profiles, with color options to differentiate the Value Area within a profile.
Profile Range Background Fill: Toggles the visibility of the Volume Profiles Range
🔹 Point of Control (PoC)
Point of Control (POC) – The price level for the time period with the highest traded volume
Point of Control (PoC): Toggles the visibility of the Point of Control
Developing PoC: Toggles the visibility of the Developing PoC
Extend PoC: Option that allows detecting virgin PoC levels. Virgin Point of Control (VPoC) is defined as a Point of Control that has never been revisited or touched. The option also allows PoC levels to extend till the last bar aiming to present levels from history where the levels were traded significantly and those levels can be used as support and resistance levels.
🔹 Value Area (VA)
Value Area (VA) – The range of price levels in which the specified percentage of all volume was traded during the time period.
Value Area Volume %: Specifies percentage of the Value Area
Value Area High (VAH): Toggles the visibility of the Value Area High, the highest price level within the Value Area
Value Area Low (VAL): Toggles the visibility of the Value Area Low, the lowest price level within the Value Area
Value Area (VA) Background Fill: Toggles the visibility of the Value Area Range
🔹 Liquidity Levels / Voids
Unfilled Liquidity, Thresh: Enable display of the Unfilled Liquidity Levels and Liquidity Voids, where threshold value defines the significance of the level.
🔹 Profile Stats
Position, Size: Specifies the position and the size of the label presenting Profile Stats, the tooltip of the label includes all related info for each profile.
Price, Price Change, and Cumulative Volume: Enable display of the given options on the chart.
🔹 Volume Profile Others
Number of Rows: Specify how many rows each histogram will have. Caution, having it set to high values will quickly hit Pine Script™ drawing objects limit and may cause fewer historical profiles to be displayed.
Placement: Place profile either left or right.
Profile Width %: Alters the width of the rows in the histogram, relative to the calculated profile length.
🔶 RELATED SCRIPTS
Alternative Liquidity Void Detection script, Buyside-Sellside-Liquidity
ICT Implied Fair Value Gap (IFVG) [LuxAlgo]An Implied Fair Value Gap (IFVG) is a three candles imbalance formation conceptualized by ICT that is based on detecting a larger candle body & then measuring the average between the two adjacent candle shadows.
This indicator automatically detects this imbalance formation on your charts and can be extended by a user set number of bars.
The IFVG average can also be extended until a new respective IFVG is detected, serving as a support/resistance line.
Alerts for the detection of bullish/bearish IFVG's are also included in this script.
🔶 SETTINGS
Shadow Threshold %: Threshold percentage used to filter out IFVG's with low adjacent candles shadows.
IFVG Extension: Number of bars used to extend highlighted IFVG's areas.
Extend Averages: Extend IFVG's averages up to a new detected respective IFVG.
🔶 USAGE
Users of this indicator can primarily find it useful for trading imbalances just as they would for trading regular Fair Value Gaps or other imbalances, which aims to highlight a disparity between supply & demand.
For trading a bullish IFVG, users can find this imbalance as an area where price is likely to fill or act as an area of support.
In the same way, a user could trade bearish IFVGs by seeing it as a potential area to be filled or act as resistance within a downtrend.
Users can also extend the IFVG averages and use them as longer-term support/resistances levels. This can highlight the ability of detected IFVG to provide longer term significant support and resistance levels.
🔶 DETAILS
Various methods have been proposed for the detection of regular FVG's, and as such it would not be uncommon to see various methods for the implied version.
We propose the following identification rules for the algorithmic detection of IFVG's:
🔹 Bullish
Central candle body is larger than the body of the adjacent candles.
Current price low is higher than high price two bars ago.
Current candle lower shadow makes up more than p percent of its total candle range.
Candle upper shadow two bars ago makes up more than p percent of its total candle range.
The average of the current candle lower shadow is greater than the average of the candle upper shadow two bars ago.
where p is the user set threshold.
🔹 Bearish
Central candle body is larger than the body of the adjacent candles.
Current price high is higher than low price two bars ago.
Current candle upper shadow makes up more than p percent of its total candle range.
Candle lower shadow two bars ago makes up more than p percent of its total candle range.
The average of the candle lower shadow 2 bars ago is greater than the average of the current candle higher shadow.
where p is the user set threshold.
🔶 SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL
You can see our previously posted script that detects various imbalances as well as regular Fair Value Gaps which have very similar usability to Implied Fair Value Gaps here:
Imbalance Detector [LuxAlgo]This indicator detects and highlights market imbalances alongside a dashboard returning information about their frequency of occurrence and their fill percentage. Imbalances included in this script are Fair Value Gaps (FVG), Opening Gaps (OG) and Volume Imbalances (VI).
Alerts are available for the occurrences of all market imbalances.
Settings
Imbalances
Each imbalance has the same settings layout:
Imbalance: Enable/disable the detection of the specific imbalance.
Min Width: If enabled, requires the imbalance area width to be greater than the specified value. This minimum width can be expressed in points, percentages or ATR multiples.
Extend: Extend imbalances by a specified number of bars.
Dashboard
Show Dashboard: Enable/disable the dashboard on the chart.
Dashboard Location: Location of the dashboard on the chart.
Dashboard Size: Size of the dashboard.
Usage
Market imbalances are part of the many concepts available to price action traders and highlight areas where there is a disparity between supply and demand.
It is common to see price come back to these areas and traders often use them as supports and resistances but also as targets.
Details
The script can detect three distinct types of imbalances described below.
Fair Value Gaps
Fair Value Gaps (FVG) are three candle formations characterized by a gap between the wicks of the non-adjacent candles in the formation.
A bullish FVG is characterized by a gap between the current price low and the 2 bars anterior price high, and a bearish FVG is characterized by a gap between the current price high and the 2 bars anterior price low.
Opening Gaps
Opening Gaps (OG) are imbalances characterized by non-existent activity within a specific price range.
A bullish OG occurs when the current price low is greater than the previous high, a bearish OG occurs when price high is lower than the previous price low.
Opening Gaps primarily occur in closing markets, as such they are less common in the cryptocurrency market.
Most of the time an Opening Gap will also be accompanied by a Fair Value Gap, in order to avoid clutter the indicator will not detect Fair Value Gaps if Opening Gaps are enabled and if an Opening Gap has been detected
Volume Imbalances
Volume Imbalances (VI) are characterized by a price discontinuity between the opening price and previous close, but unlike Opening Gaps we do not see nonexistent activity within a certain price range.
A bullish VI occur when both the opening and closing prices are superior to the previous closing price, with the current price low overlapping the previous price high. A bearish VI occur when both the opening and closing prices are inferior to the previous closing price, with the current price high overlapping the previous price low.
Because Volume Imbalances can occur excessively on markets with frequent gaps, we make use of an additional condition for filtering out less significant imbalances. Bullish VI's will require the previous price high to be lower than the opening price, while bullish VI's will require the previous price low to be higher than the opening price.
Volume HIGH/CLIMAX
Volume is the number of shares of a security traded during a given period of time.
Generally securities with more daily volume are more liquid than those without, since they are more "active".
Volume is an important indicator in technical analysis because it is used to measure the relative significance of a market move.
The higher the volume during a price move, the more significant the move and the lower the volume during a price move, the less significant the move.
A climax occurs at the end of a bull or bear market cycle and is characterized by escalated trading volume and sharp price movements.
Climaxes are usually preceded by extreme sentiment readings, either excessive euphoria at market peaks, or excessive pessimism at market bottoms.
Essentially, climaxes are a result of a resolution in supply and demand factors.
Buying Climaxes
One of the clearest signals of the end of a bull market is a buying climax, during which volume escalates to extreme levels and bullish euphoria permeates media coverage of stocks, market indices, or commodities . The key trait of a buying climax is the exhaustion of demand as the last buyers enter the market. The final surge of buying typically leads to price spikes, which may last for days, weeks, or months. As demand wanes, buyers become less willing to pay higher prices. There may be a brief period of stagnation in prices before a combination of profit-taking and new sellers set in motion the start of a sharp reversal.
Selling Climaxes
The beginning of a selling climax is often signaled by steadily increasing volume on the sell side of the market as growing pessimism accelerates the downtrend. As the selling climax approaches, the last buyers finally capitulate, driving shares sharply lower. Once the supply side of the market abates, demand at support levels can cause the price to level off before a combination of profit-taking and new buyers set in motion the start of a sharp reversal.
Nonlinear Parametric Oscillator - PSOThis script is in development phase and may be buggy. use with your own risk. The idea here is to determine the sinusoidal directional changes in the supply and demand. Based on direction, you can enter and make huge gains. Recommended to use on 1 min chart. The sideways market would be indicated as flattening in the respective bands. There are four bands, bottom one is where market is in BEAR mode and top one is when market is in BULL mode.
The indicator doesnt work well when the ticker price is less than 10 dollars, i am working on it. Do not use on penny stocks, for the time. More-details when I make this a robust version.
Price Action in action
What?
Price Action in Action is an indicator to help Price Action learners and practitioners to get everything related for Price Action in one place.
Price Action is:
Price + Volume = Action
In this indicator, we have the following features available:
Support/Resistance
Using the RSI with different periods in a multiple of 7 (7, 14, 21, 28), we first determine the overbought (above 70, customizable) and oversold (below 30, customizable) regions. Then we pick up the highest point and lowest point in the RSI values in the overbought and oversold regions, respectively. These are the point, historically supply/demand emerged for surety to push down/up the RSI indicator and the corresponding price. So, these are the most accurate way, we believe, to draw support/resistance (or demand/supply) in the chart. By default, the Support is green color and Resistance is red color. To give a visual representation, we differentiate the different shades of green and red. For example, for Level-1 (i.e. 7 by default) we use the darkest shade (0 transparency) and Level-4 (i.e. 28 by default) we use lighter shade (60 transparency). Note please: you can customize the color of support and resistance lines (say if you want resistance as green and support as red). The respective shades (transparency) will be automatically adjusted accordingly. But those shade (transparency) levels are not customizable, they are fixed (please bear with it for version-1 at least).
Strength of Support/Resistance
In the chart above/below the Resistance / Support lines you can see the tiny labels with some numbers like 1, 2.
We found out how many times a particular support/resistance is appearing across multiple RSI periods. E.g. if price P1 appears 2 times among 4 different RSI periods, the number will be 2 for that calculation, and so on.
There can be multiple presence of these numbers in a support/resistance line (i.e. multiple tiny labels). Something like: 1, 1, 2 (into different candles). This means the same support/resistance is tested so many times in different occasion (means there is a RSI max/min coincides in this level over multiple occasions) at different candles.
This will help you to intuitionally gauge the “strength” of a support/resistance line.
The more the marrier, unworthy to mention.
Candle Stick Patterns
Well: we don’t need to tell anything about the Candlestick. All of you know it better than us. And it’s a time proven, zero-lag mechanism to judge the Price-Action is unfolding in the market. We do not know if there is anything better possible than this time tested patterns to judge the prevailing sentiments of market.
Price-Action does not complete without finding out the Candlestick Patterns correctly.
And in this indicator your will get all of these: Single Candle such as Doji (default off), Marubozu, Spinner, hammers, inverted-hammer etc. ; 2 candles like Tweezer, Inside Candle, Engulfing; 3 candles like morning star/evening star.
In the multi candle patterns (2/3 candles), we are grouping the candles with a dotted rectangle such that it is clear which 2/3 candles are part of the pattern. E.g. Morning Star: 3 candles are grouped in a dotted rectangle and the Morning Star label will come to the latest candle (3rd most – as the pattern is detected reliably only on the completion of the 3rd final candle).
Of course, any program can not eliminate your trained eyes and brain to capture the patterns. But we have provided sufficient knobs to adjust various parameters to tweak the candle-pattern detection. Such as Strict Inside Candle(Harami) Boolean knob where the whole current candle including wicks will be inside the body part of the previous big candle. For non-strict mode, the current candle just inside the previous candle, possibly by wicks.
To make it better usable, for every such knobs (which are not obvious) we have added user-friendly tooltip (just mouse hover the question mark (?) besides the control/switch). There are plenty of it.
Volume
Here we have a rudimentary (yet effective) way to judge the volumes.
We find out the Volume Weighted Moving Average (VMWA) of the 20-period (default, but customizable) and the latest volume. If the latest volume is more than the 20 period vwma, we just add a grey diamond on the top of the candle to denote it’s attracting volumes. Of course, we provide a Weight coefficient (default is set to 1). So if the current bar’s volume on bar’s completion is more than the 20 period volume vmwa times the weigh-cofficient, we mark it with a tiny grey diamond.
Points to be noted:
In all places we mark the indication only on the completion of the bar (technically speaking we have checks, as far as possible, with barstate.isconfirmed). However, if you wish, you can turn it off for Candlestick (as some experts may want to check candlestick on the real time, even before the closing of bars).
In case if you see the chart looks cluttered (because of many information, specially in smaller timeframes like 5 min), there are controls given in the settings to toggle each and every features.
By default, we turn off Doji candles (all 3 types of Doji’s – normal, Gravestone & Dragonfly) as they are mainly indecision. However, you can toggle it to turn it on.
It does not give you any Buy/Sell call. The interpretation it does not have.
Why?
What’s unique in it?
As we already mentioned our intention is to include Price (in forms of Support / Resistance), Volume and Action (sentiments in terms of Candlestick patterns) into a single place. And so far, to the best of our knowledge, we could not come across a single indicator provides all of these.
There were works available to determine the RSI based support / resistance zones. Those are great piece works at that time (lets say 3 years back when PineScript was in earlier versions). To the best of our knowledge those does not cover up finding out the lowest / highest point of RSI and the corresponding price to get the simplistic and distinct support/resistance lines.
We have the intuitive support/resistance strength included which we could not found out in current set of available indicators.
To the best of our knowledge, there seems no indicator can detect 3-candle patterns which are extremely popular to detect trend reversals (such as Morning Star or Evening Star). Moreover for the multi-candle patterns we are grouping the candles part of the pattens (2-candles or 3-candles) using a dotted rectangle such that it’s visually clearly (and a well educative material for Price-Action learners also).
Mentions:
There are many works which inspire us along the way. Honestly: we sometimes forgot which all indicators we experimented with. We are sincerely apologetic in case we forgot to mention. A few note-worthy:
There is an indicator from user “repo32” named as “Candlestick Patterns Identified (updated 3/11/15)”. (We could not be able to contact “repo32”). We are inspired from his work that it’s feasible to detect Candlestick patterns.
There is an awesome work done by “RSI Based Automatic Demand and Supply” by user “shtcoinr”. The idea of consulting multiple RSI levels to find out the demand/supply zone we inspired from him. (We did contact “shtcoinr” and got his kind permission to use the concept.)
We are greatly thankful to these abovementioned wizards for their pioneering a-prior work in this front.
And of course, this TradingView platform to provide this abstraction, facilitates and felicitates collaborative contributions.
Ultimately, what’s for you?
That’s the main question. What’s for you?
Price-action comprises of following 3 tasks (at least):
Draw support/resistance lines in the chart.
Once price reaches at the support/resistance line, you fervently look out the candles’ formation to mentally map to the candle patterns. Your aim is divine: You want to judge if the price-action will continue or take a rejection/reversal.
Then you double-confirm with the volume (in a non-overlaid chart below).
Finally take a trade.
For a price-action newbie or seasoned, expert practitioner, you must be doing all the above tasks regularly and manually, in a mechanical, mundane way. There come the humanly subjectivity & the inevitable emotions . This indicator, being a piece of program/code in PineScript latest version v5 , eliminates (or at least, reduces to a great extend) that subjectivity & emotions out of the way of decision making . Thus resulting better yield.
Of course, you can argue that you draw slanted trend lines also. We recommend an already existing indicator by user LuxAlgo named as “Trendlines with Breaks ”, if you wish so.
Disclaimer:
This piece of software does not come up with any warrantee or any rights of not changing it over the future course of time.
We are not responsible for any trading/investment decision you are taking out of the outcome of this indicator.
Happy trading.
The Investment ClockThe Investment Clock was most likely introduced to the general public in a research paper distributed by Merrill Lynch. It’s a simple yet useful framework for understanding the various stages of the US economic cycle and which asset classes perform best in each stage.
The Investment Clock splits the business cycle into four phases, where each phase is comprised of the orientation of growth and inflation relative to their sustainable levels:
Reflation phase (6:01 to 8:59): Growth is sluggish and inflation is low. This phase occurs during the heart of a bear market. The economy is plagued by excess capacity and falling demand. This keeps commodity prices low and pulls down inflation. The yield curve steepens as the central bank lowers short-term rates in an attempt to stimulate growth and inflation. Bonds are the best asset class in this phase.
Recovery phase (9:01 to 11:59): The central bank’s easing takes effect and begins driving growth to above the trend rate. Though growth picks up, inflation remains low because there’s still excess capacity. Rising growth and low inflation are the Goldilocks phase of every cycle. Stocks are the best asset class in this phase.
Overheat phase(12:01 to 2:59): Productivity growth slows and the GDP gap closes causing the economy to bump up against supply constraints. This causes inflation to rise. Rising inflation spurs the central banks to hike rates. As a result, the yield curve begins flattening. With high growth and high inflation, stocks still perform but not as well as in recovery. Volatility returns as bond yields rise and stocks compete with higher yields for capital flows. In this phase, commodities are the best asset class.
Stagflation phase (3:01 to 5:59): GDP growth slows but inflation remains high (sidenote: most bear markets are preceded by a 100%+ increase in the price of oil which drives inflation up and causes central banks to tighten). Productivity dives and a wage-price spiral develops as companies raise prices to protect compressing margins. This goes on until there’s a steep rise in unemployment which breaks the cycle. Central banks keep rates high until they reign in inflation. This causes the yield curve to invert. During this phase, cash is the best asset.
Additional notes from Merrill Lynch:
Cyclicality: When growth is accelerating (12 o'clock), Stocks and Commodities do well. Cyclical sectors like Tech or Steel outperform. When growth is slowing (6 o'clock), Bonds, Cash, and defensives outperform.
Duration: When inflation is falling (9 o'clock), discount rates drop and financial assets do well. Investors pay up for long duration Growth stocks. When inflation is rising (3 o'clock), real assets like Commodities and Cash do best. Pricing power is plentiful and short-duration Value stocks outperform.
Interest Rate-Sensitives: Banks and Consumer Discretionary stocks are interest-rate sensitive “early cycle” performers, doing best in Reflation and Recovery when central banks are easing and growth is starting to recover.
Asset Plays: Some sectors are linked to the performance of an underlying asset. Insurance stocks and Investment Banks are often bond or equity price sensitive, doing well in the Reflation or Recovery phases. Mining stocks are metal price-sensitive, doing well during an Overheat.
About the indicator:
This indicator suggests iShares ETFs for sector rotation analysis. There are likely other ETFs to consider which have lower fees and are outperforming their sector peers.
You may get errors if your chart is set to a different timeframe & ticker other than 1d for symbol/tickers GDPC1 or CPILFESL.
Investment Clock settings are based on a "sustainable level" of growth and inflation, which are each slightly subjective depending on the economist and probably have changed since the last time this indicator was updated. Hence, the sustainable levels are customizable in the settings. When I was formally educated I was trained to use average CPI of 3.1% for financial planning purposes, the default for the indicator is 2.5%, and the Medium article backtested and optimized a 2% sustainable inflation rate. Again, user-defined sustainable growth and rates are slightly subjective and will affect results.
I have not been trained or even had much experience with MetaTrader code, which is how this indicator was originally coded. See the original Medium article that inspired this indicator if you want to audit & compare code.
Hover over info panel for detailed information.
Features: Advanced info panel that performs Investment Clock analysis and offers additional hover info such as sector rotation suggestions. Customizable sustainable levels, growth input, and inflation input. Phase background coloring.
⚠ DISCLAIMER: Not financial advice. Not a trading system. DYOR. I am not affiliated with Medium, Macro Ops, iShares, or Merrill Lynch.
About the Author: I am a patent-holding inventor, a futures trader, a hobby PineScripter, and a former FINRA Registered Representative.
TR Unleaded Gasoline & Diesel Price by zdmreThe price of gasoline can change on any given day. Although a number of factors determine the price per liter, the price of crude oil makes the most impact. The per-barrel price of crude oil is most directly affected by world supply and demand. By closely monitoring the price of crude as well as keeping tabs on a few other factors you can estimate the cost to fill up.
Divide the crude oil (Moving Average) price by 159. One barrel of crude contains 159 liters. This will tell you the dollar amount per liter of refined gasoline attributed to crude. For example, if crude oil is $100 per barrel, then about $0.628 of the price of a liter of gas comes from the crude price.
By multiplying this amount by Dollar/Turkish Lira, special ratio and upper limit, you can get an estimated price per liter.
For example: using $0.628 , multiply by USD/TRY (17 TL), Special Ratio (2.1) and Upperlimit (1.03). An average cost per liter of gasoline is 23.09TL
The similar calculation applies to Diesel.
Vol (Wyckoff)I like TradingView Built-in Volume indicator, because it is overlay with price chart, and has appropriate scale.
I made similar style volume indicator and added concept of Laws of Wyckoff.
caution : You need {Chart settings} → {Appearance} → {Bottom margin} is set 0 %, to make chart look good.
: You need {Chart settings} → {Symbol} → {body} ,{Borders} and {Wick} are set dark color, to easier to identify the color of candles.
This ３ Laws of Wyckoff are my interpretation, not the original.
///////// The Law of Supply and Demand //////////
I define the Demand as volume that is larger than the previous volume and has close > open bar.
I define the Supply as volume that is larger than the previous volume and has close <= open bar.
Volume Flow is value difference between Demand MA and Supply MA.
I imitate the idea of "Volume Flow v3" by oh92.
///////// The Law of Cause and Effect //////////
Enough volume(Cause) makes reliable price movement(Effect).
If there is not enough volume, its price movement is suspicious.
I define enough volume as volume that is larger than previous volume.
I define large volume as volume that is larger than previous volume and over volume MA(using all volume).
I define "not enough volume" as volume that is smaller than previous volume.
I borrowed the idea from "The Lie Detector" by LucF.
Enough volume(increasing volume) is painted by dark color and Large volume(increasing volume and over volume MA) is painted by light color.
"Not enough volume"(decreasing volume) is painted by empty color(default is black).
This coloring are reflected to price candles.
So, you need {Chart settings} → {Symbol} → {body} ,{Borders} and {Wick} are set dark color, to easier to identify the color of candles.
///////// The Law of Effort and Result //////////
If volume (effort) cannot move price (result), it may be Absorption(potential reversal).
"Factor of Volume Density" determines the threshold of Absorption.
Small Absorption is displayed by gray square at bottom.
Large Absorption is displayed by white square at bottom.
///////// Volume Spike //////////
Volume Spike sometimes precede or confirm trend direction.
"Factor of Volume Spike" determines the threshold of Volume Spike.
Volume Spike is displayed by light bulb.
Volume Profile, Pivot Anchored by DGTVolume Profile (also known as Price by Volume ) is an charting study that displays trading activity over a specified time period at specific price levels. It is plotted as a horizontal histogram on the finacial isntrumnet's chart that highlights the trader's interest at specific price levels. Specified time period with Pivots Anchored Volume Profile is determined by the Pivot Levels, where the Pivot Points High Low indicator is used and presented with this Custom indicator
Finally, Volume Weighted Colored Bars indicator is presneted with the study
Different perspective of Volume Profile applications;
Anchored to Session, Week, Month etc : Anchored-Volume-Profile
Custom Range, Interactive : Volume-Profile-Custom-Range
Fixed Range with Volume Indicator : Volume-Profile-Fixed-Range
Combined with Support and Resistance Indicator : Price-Action-Support-Resistance and Volume-Profile
Combined with Supply and Demand Zones, Interactive : Supply-Demand-and-Equilibrium-Zones
Disclaimer : Trading success is all about following your trading strategy and the indicators should fit within your trading strategy, and not to be traded upon solely
The script is for informational and educational purposes only. Use of the script does not constitutes professional and/or financial advice. You alone the sole responsibility of evaluating the script output and risks associated with the use of the script. In exchange for using the script, you agree not to hold dgtrd TradingView user liable for any possible claim for damages arising from any decision you make based on use of the script
DrawingOBForSMCDrawing OB for SMC trading technique.
Control the parameters to:
- Only draw supply
- Only draw demand.
- Draw minor structure...
Multi-TimeFrame Extremum Points Support/ResistanceIntroduction
This is my newest Support/Resistance indicator based on the idea of my previous script which had been featured in Editors' Picks .
Everyone seems to have their own idea of how you should measure support and resistance levels. This code finds the exact highest and lowest price points (Extrema) on the chart and then draws the support and resistance levels on them.
In my opinion, the advantage of this method is that the most powerful resistance/support levels which usually cover the supply/demand areas would be formed on these extremum points, as the following facts state.
Facts
1. Support and resistance levels are one of the key concepts used by technical analysts and form the basis of a wide variety of technical analysis tools. Technical analysts use support and resistance levels to identify price points on a chart where the probabilities favor a pause or reversal of a prevailing trend.
2. Supply and demand zones are natural support and resistance levels and a popular analysis technique used in day trading. The zones are the periods of sideways price action that come before explosive price moves. A supply zone forms before a downtrend and a demand zone forms before an uptrend. When the price leaves the supply/demand zone and starts trending, the strong imbalance between buyers and sellers leads to strong and explosive price movements.
3. Based on Dow Theory, trends persist until a clear reversal occurs. A reversal is a change in the price direction of an asset. Reversals typically refer to large price changes, where the trend changes direction.
Challenges
The most challenging part in implementing a S/R indicator which draws all the levels on the chart is the problem of congestion!
But we should notice two other facts:
1. The more times the price tests a support or resistance area, the more significant the level becomes.
2. A previous support level will sometimes become a resistance level when the price attempts to move back up, and conversely, a resistance level will become a support level as the price temporarily falls back.
So, I solved the problem using these two approaches:
Merging nearby levels and showing the role of the levels in colors and numbers
Avoiding many weaker levels by checking higher time frames
Settings and Usage
There are some options in the indicator settings as described below:
Calculations Time Frame: By changing the time frame, user could keep only the stronger S/R levels on the chart.
Level Colors: By default, lowest points (Supports) are green, highest points (Resistances) are red and merged levels are blue. Note that the transparency of the colors would be calculated automatically; The more opaque the color is, the stronger the level is!
Lines Style and Width: The style of the levels could be solid, dashed or dotted and user could also change the lines width in pixels.
Length of the lines: This option is based on the count of bars, but user could simply choose to extend the levels
Merge Nearby Levels: The proximity of the levels would be calculated automatically based on ATR (Average True Range) and the default length of the formula could be changed.
Labels: Each level could have a label consisting the count of merged levels into one, the percentage of merged supports/resistances and the price of the level. Note that if user choose to see the percentage of S/R roles, the color of each label changes automatically based on the main role of corresponding merged level (e.g., a blue level with a red label means that the level more acted as resistance).
I think the users of my previous S/R indicators could check this one
That's it for now! Feel free to send me your thoughts!
Higher order Orderblocks + Breakerblocks + Range + AlertsThis script identifies Orderblocks, Breakerblocks and Range using higher order pivots and priceaction logic.
I tried to reduce the number of blocks to make the chart cleaner, for this purpose I use only second order pivots for both MSB lines and supply/demand boxes, I also tried to filter out shifts in MS and false breakouts.
Any box has GRAY color until it gets tested.
After successful test box gets colors:
RED for Supply
GREEN for Demand
BLUE for any Breakerblocks
For cleaner chart and script speed all broken boxes deletes from chart.
It gives comparatively clean chart on any TF, even on extra small (5m, 3m, 1m).
For Range there is option to plot 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 lines.
I usually use log scale on charts and there is an option to use it for proper range mean.
In previous my scripts i have requests to make alerts and this time i made it.
It has customizable alert catching all needed alerts into one output:
- Alert MSB - when market structure changes alert will inform you about its direction, MSB line and new Demand/Supply.
- Alert Orderblock or Breakerblock test - alerts when block was tested and it holds (in other words when it get RED/GREEN/BLUE colors)
- Alert New Range - when new range detected
- Alert Range test - alerts when range top or botoom was tested and it holds.
some examples :
node nirvanaThis indicator is suitable for those who have studied Mr. Nirvana's course, as well as those who work in the style of supply and demand.
Faith Indicator eykpunter [DM] Greetings Colleagues
I share here a slightly modified version of the fabulous indicator designed by @eykpunter.
Moidifications =
Ploting aspect
Signals transparency
BackGround Trend Signals transparency
Signal length
The two lines of code have been converted into the functions
This indicator compares buyers demand with sellers supply volumes and calculates which prevails. Therefore it only works if volume is published. Buyers demand is assumed for a period in which a higher high is reached with more volume . Sellers supply is recognized by a lower low combined with more volume .
The average of sellers supplies is subtracted from buyers demand, the result is graded because a statement like “The faith in this period was ## percent” has no meaning. We can conclude to more faith and less faith but not represent it in some exact number.
This indicator assigns the following grades:
Very high faith graduated as 8
High faith as 6
Good faith as 4
Some Faith as 2
Little Faith as 1
Neither Faith nor Distrust as zero
Self Protection Distrust graduated as -8
Fear Distrust as -6
Anxiety Distrust as -4
Suspicion Distrust as -2
Doubt Distrust as -1
It is presented as a histogram with blue staves pointing up (meaning faith) and red staves pointing down (meaning distrust)
The background is colored using the Hull Agreement Indicator (Hullag), which I published before. Hullag graduates price movements in five grades to which it assigns a background color. These are as follows:
grade 2: blue, clear upward movement
grade 1: green, some upward movement
grade 0: silver , neither upward nor downward movement
grade -1: maroon, some downward movement
grad -2: red, clear downward movement.
Use of the Faith Indicator:
The indicator shows price action/momentum as a background color and volume action analyzed as a grade of faith in the form of a histogram. Usually faith comes together with rising prices (blue/green background) and distrust with lowering prices (red/maroon background), however contrarian situations occur, e.g. lowering prices while the market has good faith. These can be explained by minority sellers who act contrary to the feelings in the market. You can then decide that this might be an unsustainable move of the quotes.
If the faith indicator confirms the price movement, you might assume that the move is meaningful and will go further. Also if you see faith diminishing you might assume that the move is coming to an end and the tide is going to turn.
Bitcoin Logarithmic Fractal Growth Model By ARUDDThis model, which I'm calling the Logarithmic Fractal Growth Mode (L.F.G) , uses Bitcoin's mathematical monetary policy to evaluate the future possible price valuation.
It takes into account fractal (and logarithmic) growth as well as how those who hold bitcoins might react to certain events such as changes in supply and demand. It also shows that it is mathematically logical that someday it must become stable.
The information gained from knowing this helps people make more informed decisions when buying bitcoin and thinking of its future possibilities.
The model can serve as some type of general guideline for determining how much bitcoins should be worth in the future if it follows a certain path from its current price.
Modeling Bitcoin's money supply mathematically, and knowing that there is a finite number of them, makes this whole process much more rational than just thinking about the possibilities in pure subjective terms.
Before going any further I want to say that no one can know with absolute certainty what will happen to bitcoins price in the future, but using mathematics gives us an idea of where things are headed.
The results presented here are based on very reasonable assumptions for how bitcoin might continue to grow (and then level out) once there are over 21 million bitcoins in existence.
The model shows that bitcoin's price can never go down to zero (thus creating the "death spiral" phenomenon), and as such, bitcoin has an extremely high probability of becoming stable as it approaches infinity.
Conversely, this model also shows that at some point there is a high probability that bitcoin will not continue to grow exponentially forever.
Credit goes to Quantadelic for the awesome original script.
ARUDD
Bollinger Bands Touch MapThis simple script based on Bollinger Bands to collect Touch Point at bandsand display them on the map. Detail of rule as below:
1.Define Touch Point
1.1.Touch Point at Lower Band
+ Key bar:
- Open Price lower than BB lower band, Close Price higher than BB lower band
+ Touch Point:
- Median Price (HL2) of Key bar
1.2.Touch Point at Upper Band
+ Key bar:
- Open Price higher than BB upper band, Close Price lower than BB upper band
+ Touch Point:
- Median Price (HL2) of Key bar
1.3.Zero Point
- Close Price of Current bar
===================================
2.Touch Map
+ Last 5 Touch Point will be show on the map
+ Newest Touch point is numbered as (1) and show at the left of Zero Point
+ Each Point has a label show point's value
===================================
3.Fibonacci
+ Enable: Apply to number of Touch Points indicated
+ Style Up: 0 Level at the bottom
+ Style Down: 0 Level at the top
===================================
4.123 Pattern
+ Pattern: dot 2 and dot 3 at the Top and the Bottom of group 1234
+ M Pattern: dot 3 at the Top of group 135 and at the Bottom of group 234
+ W Pattern: dot 3 at the Bottom of group 135 and at the Top of group 234
===================================
5.Supply Demand Zone
5.1.Supply Zone
+ Supply Zone is area map structure change from upward to downward
+ Supply Zone is limited by 2 dots highest before upward structure broken
5.2.Demand Zone
+ Demand Zone is area map structure change from downward to upward
+ Demand Zone is limited by 2 dots lowest before downward structure broken
============================================================================
6.6.Over Block
6.1.Overbought Block
+ Overbought Block is location Long position covering
+ Ovb Block is limited by higest high and upper band at top of map
6.2.Oversold Block
+ Oversold Block is location Short position covering
+ Ovs Block is limited by lowest low and lower band at bottom of map
===================================
7.RSI Column
+ RSI Overbought is marked by Overbought color
+ RSI Oversold is marked by Oversold color
+ RSI Normal is marked by Normal color
+ Symbol ▲: RSI growing
+ Symbol ▼: RSI falling
===================================
8.Volume Direction
+ Volume growing is marked by Up Color
+ Volume falling is marked by Down Color
+ New Highest Volume on the map is marked by High Color and H Label
+ New Lowest Volume on the map is marked by Low Color and L Label
+ Volume higher than Median level is marked by Up Color and M Label
===================================
9.Useful features
+ Quickly find chart patter: 123, M, W...
+ Quickly find wave patter: I, V, N...
+ Quickly find Key level when moving between different Time Frame
+ Quickly recognize chart is trending or trendless
+ Quickly recognize divergence of Price and Volume
+ Quickly calculate Entry, Stoploss, Takeprofit by using Fibonacci
Faith IndicatorThis indicator compares buyers demand with sellers supply volumes and calculates which prevails. Therefore it only works if volume is published. Buyers demand is assumed for a period in which a higher high is reached with more volume. Sellers supply is recognized by a lower low combined with more volume.
The average of sellers supplies is subtracted from buyers demand, the result is graded because a statement like “The faith in this period was ## percent” has no meaning. We can conclude to more faith and less faith but not represent it in some exact number.
This indicator assigns the following grades:
Very high faith graduated as 8
High faith as 6
Good faith as 4
Some Faith as 2
Little Faith as 1
Neither Faith nor Distrust as zero
Self Protection Distrust graduated as -8
Fear Distrust as -6
Anxiety Distrust as -4
Suspicion Distrust as -2
Doubt Distrust as -1
It is presented as a histogram with blue staves pointing up (meaning faith) and red staves pointing down (meaning distrust)
The background is colored using the Hull Agreement Indicator (Hullag), which I published before. Hullag graduates price movements in five grades to which it assigns a background color. These are as follows:
grade 2: blue, clear upward movement
grade 1: green, some upward movement
grade 0: silver, neither upward nor downward movement
grade -1: maroon, some downward movement
grad -2: red, clear downward movement.
Use of the Faith Indicator:
The indicator shows price action/momentum as a background color and volume action analyzed as a grade of faith in the form of a histogram. Usually faith comes together with rising prices (blue/green background) and distrust with lowering prices (red/maroon background), however contrarian situations occur, e.g. lowering prices while the market has good faith. These can be explained by minority sellers who act contrary to the feelings in the market. You can then decide that this might be an unsustainable move of the quotes.
If the faith indicator confirms the price movement, you might assume that the move is meaningful and will go further. Also if you see faith diminishing you might assume that the move is coming to an end and the tide is going to turn.
Support and Resistance Levels [racer8]One of the oldest concepts in trading. It's here guys. Drum roll please. Support & resistance baby! 🤣
So many requests from so many people asking me to build this. Finally. It is here guys 😀 Support and Resistance is here by racer8!
Indeed, S&R is used by so many traders. It is often one of the first concepts a trader will learn. I myself, can attest to this.
So what is support and resistance? 🤔
Good question, S&R are certain price levels that are created when a peak or trough has formed. Many traders use these peaks/troughs and extend lines out from them to create support & resistance levels.
Support levels are extended out from troughs. Resistance levels from peaks.
It is often believed that price bounces between these levels due to some unknown mysterious force known as supply and demand. 🙀
If you're a reversal trader, your strategy would likely be trying to short whenever price reaches a resistance level and vice versa for support levels.
If you're a trend trader, your strategy would likely be trying to go long whenever price breaks a resistance level and vice versa for support levels.
This Indicator...
Has one setting that controls which levels are formed. Higher settings equals less levels formed, but more important ones. Don't set it too high or too low. There is an optimal setting. Setting it too high will result in very few levels and thus, too little opportunities to trade. Setting it too low means the indicator will give you insignificant levels..also bad idea. So try to find something optimal like 10 to 20 periods for instance. 👍
Enjoy and have a blast!😀
Peace, I'm out! 🙏 💥
Combo Backtest 123 Reversal & MACD Crossover with Trail and Stop
This is a modification of @HPotter "Combo Backtest 123 Reversal & MACD Crossover" script.
I've added a trail stop, basic leverage simulation and stop loss.
Below is HPotter's explanation of the script principals.
First strategy
This System was created from the Book "How I Tripled My Money In The
Futures Market" by Ulf Jensen, Page 183. This is reverse type of strategies.
The strategy buys at market, if close price is higher than the previous close
during 2 days and the meaning of 9-days Stochastic Slow Oscillator is lower than 50.
The strategy sells at market, if close price is lower than the previous close price
during 2 days and the meaning of 9-days Stochastic Fast Oscillator is higher than 50.
Second strategy
MACD – Moving Average Convergence Divergence. The MACD is calculated
by subtracting a 26-day moving average of a security's price from a
12-day moving average of its price. The result is an indicator that
oscillates above and below zero. When the MACD is above zero, it means
the 12-day moving average is higher than the 26-day moving average.
This is bullish as it shows that current expectations (i.e., the 12-day
moving average) are more bullish than previous expectations (i.e., the
26-day average). This implies a bullish , or upward, shift in the supply/demand
lines. When the MACD falls below zero, it means that the 12-day moving average
is less than the 26-day moving average, implying a bearish shift in the
supply/demand lines.
A 9-day moving average of the MACD (not of the security's price) is usually
plotted on top of the MACD indicator. This line is referred to as the "signal"
line. The signal line anticipates the convergence of the two moving averages
(i.e., the movement of the MACD toward the zero line).
Let's consider the rational behind this technique. The MACD is the difference
between two moving averages of price. When the shorter-term moving average rises
above the longer-term moving average (i.e., the MACD rises above zero), it means
that investor expectations are becoming more bullish (i.e., there has been an
upward shift in the supply/demand lines). By plotting a 9-day moving average of
the MACD , we can see the changing of expectations (i.e., the shifting of the
supply/demand lines) as they occur.
WARNING:
- For purpose educate only
- This script to change bars colors.
Combo Backtest 123 Reversal & MACD Crossover This is combo strategies for get a cumulative signal.
First strategy
This System was created from the Book "How I Tripled My Money In The
Futures Market" by Ulf Jensen, Page 183. This is reverse type of strategies.
The strategy buys at market, if close price is higher than the previous close
during 2 days and the meaning of 9-days Stochastic Slow Oscillator is lower than 50.
The strategy sells at market, if close price is lower than the previous close price
during 2 days and the meaning of 9-days Stochastic Fast Oscillator is higher than 50.
Second strategy
MACD – Moving Average Convergence Divergence. The MACD is calculated
by subtracting a 26-day moving average of a security's price from a
12-day moving average of its price. The result is an indicator that
oscillates above and below zero. When the MACD is above zero, it means
the 12-day moving average is higher than the 26-day moving average.
This is bullish as it shows that current expectations (i.e., the 12-day
moving average) are more bullish than previous expectations (i.e., the
26-day average). This implies a bullish, or upward, shift in the supply/demand
lines. When the MACD falls below zero, it means that the 12-day moving average
is less than the 26-day moving average, implying a bearish shift in the
supply/demand lines.
A 9-day moving average of the MACD (not of the security's price) is usually
plotted on top of the MACD indicator. This line is referred to as the "signal"
line. The signal line anticipates the convergence of the two moving averages
(i.e., the movement of the MACD toward the zero line).
Let's consider the rational behind this technique. The MACD is the difference
between two moving averages of price. When the shorter-term moving average rises
above the longer-term moving average (i.e., the MACD rises above zero), it means
that investor expectations are becoming more bullish (i.e., there has been an
upward shift in the supply/demand lines). By plotting a 9-day moving average of
the MACD, we can see the changing of expectations (i.e., the shifting of the
supply/demand lines) as they occur.
WARNING:
- For purpose educate only
- This script to change bars colors.
90% DaysIndicator from the paper "IDENTIFYING BEAR MARKET BOTTOMS AND NEW BULL MARKETS"
This paper was the winner of the prestigious 2002 Charles H. Dow Award. Each year the Market Technicians Association, in alliance with Dow Jones and Company, presents an award for excellence in the field of Technical Analysis. The recipient of that award in 2002 was Paul Desmond, President of Lowry Research Corporation.
"Important market bottoms are preceded by, and result from, important market declines.
And, important market declines are, for the most part, a study in the extremes of human emotion.
The intensity of their emotions can be statistically measured through their purchases and sales. To
clarify, as prices initially begin to weaken, investor psychology slowly shifts from complacency to
concern, resulting in increased selling and an acceleration of the decline. As prices drop more
quickly, and the news becomes more negative, the psychology shifts from concern to fear. Sooner
or later, fear turns to panic, driving prices sharply lower, as investors strive to get out of the market
at any price. It is this panic stage that drives prices down to extreme discounts – often well below
book values – that is needed to set the stage for the next bull market. Thus, if an investor had a
method for identifying and measuring panic selling, at least half the job of spotting major market
bottoms would be at hand.
Over the years, a number of market analysts have attempted to define panic selling (often
referred to as a selling climax, or capitulation) in terms of extreme activity, such as unusually
active volume, a massive number of declining stocks, or a large number of new lows. But, those
definitions do not stand up under critical examination, because panic selling must be measured in
terms of intensity, rather than just activity. To formulate our definition of panic selling, we
reviewed the daily history of both the price changes and the volume of trading for every stock
traded on the New York Stock Exchange over a period of 69 years, from 1933 to present. We
broke the volume of trading down into two parts – Upside (buyers) Volume and Downside (sellers)
Volume. We also compiled the full and fractional dollars of price change for all NYSE-listed
stocks that advanced each day (Points Gained), as well as the full and fractional dollars of price
change for all NYSE-listed stocks that declined each day (Points Lost). These four daily totals –
Upside Volume and Points Gained, Downside Volume and Points Lost – represent the basic
components of Demand and Supply, and have been an integral part of the Lowry Analysis since
1938. (Note: an industrious statistician can compile these totals from the NYSE stock tables in
each day’s Wall Street Journal.)
In reviewing these numbers, we found that almost all periods of significant market decline
in the past 69 years have contained at least one, and usually more than one, day of panic selling in
which Downside Volume equaled 90.0% or more of the total of Upside Volume plus Downside
Volume, and Points Lost equaled 90.0% or more of the total of Points Gained plus Points Lost.
...
But, there is a second key ingredient to every major market bottom. It is essential to
recognize that days of panic selling cannot, by themselves, produce a market reversal, any more
than simply lowering the sale price on a house will suddenly produce an enthusiastic buyer. As the
Law of Supply and Demand would emphasize, it takes strong Demand, not just a reduction in
Supply, to cause prices to rise substantially. It does not matter how much prices are discounted; if
investors are not attracted to buy, even at deeply depressed levels, sellers will eventually be forced
to discount prices further still, until Demand is eventually rejuvenated. Thus, our 69-year record
shows that declines containing two or more 90% Downside Days usually persist, on a trend basis,
until investors eventually come rushing back in to snap up what they perceive to be the bargains of
the decade and, in the process, produce a 90% Upside Day (in which Points Gained equal 90.0% or
more of the sum of Points Gained plus Points Lost, and on which Upside Volume equals 90.0% or
more of the sum of Upside plus Downside Volume). These two events – panic selling (one or more
90% Downside Days) and panic buying (a 90% Upside Day, or on rare occasions, two back-toback 80% Upside Days)
– produce very powerful probabilities that a major trend reversal has
begun, and that the market’s Sweet Spot is ready to be savored."
Includes an option to display 90% days for NASDAQ, but these are much rarer and, oddly, there are no Upside Days.
*Includes an option for repainting -- default value is true, meaning the script will repaint the current bar.
False = Not Repainting = Value for the current bar is not repainted, but all past values are offset by 1 bar.
True = Repainting = Value for the current bar is repainted, but all past values are correct and not offset by 1 bar.
In both cases, all of the historical values are correct, it is just a matter of whether you prefer the current bar to be realistically painted and the historical bars offset by 1, or the current bar to be repainted and the historical data to match their respective price bars.
As explained by TradingView,`f_security()` is for coders who want to offer their users a repainting/no-repainting version of the HTF data.
